Review your validation and reporting requirements based on merchant level. Each issuer has its own requirements regarding anticipated volume, therefore there is no magic number. Showcase your acceptance with free signage for in-store and digital checkouts. It eliminates costly and time-consuming manual processes for everyday occurrences like expense reporting and payroll management. Expand acceptance, increase engagement and modernize payments to improve your cardholder experience with our white label credit program. The financial institution will take a share of the profits from the private label credit card (hence the higher interest rate) and in turn, the merchant will avoid payment processing fees, allowing them more net profit in the long run. A white label prepaid card is a card that's been developed by one company (A) and that another company (B) puts its branding on. Private label credit card manufacturers can be a confusing termas the manufacturers are typically also the third-party financial institutions that issue the cards. The German lender, which two years ago promised to lower its dependence on volatile investment banking revenue, has identified payments processing as one of its growth markets. What are the most popular credit card issuers? Its been apleasure towork with Wallester! Our corporate and individual clients are now enjoying their virtual disposable and plastic cards!, Working with Wallester allowedus tolaunch acompetitive product inrecord time and helpedus accelerate our growth. We hope this information has been helpful to you in your supplier search. Our Solution Integration About Partnerships Get in touch Demo Login Select Region Products may vary Global LATAM United Kingdom Brazil White Label Credit Solutions Your card. Under this arrangement, the white label credit cards are accessible via Happy Bank's existing digital banking channels. 2017 /PRNewswire/ --. Merchants should plan on a minimum of six months in order to launch a program; however, timing depends on a number of factors including the issuer, schedules and the complexity of the program. Company. Credit card issuers charged $12 billion in late fees in 2020 while tens of millions of American workers were left unemployed or furloughed. White label secured credit cards are a credit card that is branded to a business. Firms can create a card scheme of their own design in a myriad of colours, styles, and designs. They were fast moving and quickly understood our situation. Marriott & Hyatt Credit Card Elite Night Credits Posting to Member Accounts, Issuers by Percent of Outstanding Balances, Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection. Prepaid travel money cards let your users manage their money and shop with ease and security at home and abroad. benefits employees and employers when integrated into an enterprise expense management programme. Most major credit card companies like Visa, Mastercard, and Capital One aren't the easiest to qualify for if you have a poor credit rating. A cloud hangs over Macquarie Group's white label credit card business as the bank's freeze on new issuance of Woolworths and Myer Visa cards enters its third year. Their unwavering commitment toexcellence shines through intheir work and enablesus toprovide world-class services toour clients with confidence., Fintechs are always looking for improvements inservice/product innovation, speed, flexibility, UI/UX. In this case, the issuing bank/payment processor will be marked on the face of the card. California Do Not Track Notice. Partnering with Visa goes beyond just accepting Visa card payments at your place of business. While Visa does not issue the card products ourselves, we can help our merchant and issuing partners build a successful co-brand program. Standard gift cards donot have awide range offunctionality and are usually tied toaparticular service, which limits the options for their use and complicates further processing. (September 2021), Nilson Report. Inspite ofthe dynamic development offinancial technologies, many fintech companies still donot possess modern, reliable, and convenient payment tools. Learn what our reach and collaborative approach can bring to your business. And when it comes to market share in the credit card market, there are definitely a few key players both by network and issuer. Develop new customer experiences with merchant data. 2023 Wallester AS. Yet firms dont have to be an Amazon, a Starbucks, or an Uber to offer a white-label card solution. As such, the expectation within the CDR is that Happy Bank provides access to the credit card data via Happy Bank's CDR implementation. Famous Footwear, Abercrombie & Fitch, American Kennel Club, Ann Taylor, Ashley Furniture Home Store, BJs, Burlington, Century 21, Davids Bridal, Fortunoff, Forever 21, Gamestop, Home & Garden, Ikea, many more. Get in touch Custom card programs Securely send and receive electronic B2B payments with ease. Your cards can transact on our network, but YOU choose where your cards are accepted. Key White Label Prepaid Card Features Automated instant load functionality Every master and visa card process is instantly loaded by using a secured card management mechanism. The name derives from the image of a white label on the packaging, ready to be adapted to an end providers branding. People spent less money overall in 2020 compared to 2019, but purchase volume saw an increase in 2021. Improve loyalty and unlock new powerful revenue streams for your business. But a sub-$2-per-card for agencies "should be . Debit, credit, prepaid, virtual, consumer, and business credit card programs. Reach out to learn more about our white label credit program. Stripe Issuing allows you to easily create, manage, and scale a commercial card program without any setup fees. This report covers the U.S. market for private-label credit cards (PLCCs), including store cards, with an emphasis on retail credit card program features and benefits analysis, retail card strategies, and growth trends. White-label cards increase loyalty to a brand. Outline the key benefits that will distinguish your co-brand card in market. More than 30 domestic schemes and local labels, representing 150 issuers, have already issued 120 million cards, mobile devices, and wearables implementing PURE white-label EMV. While all issuers saw a drop in purchasing volume in 2020, purchase volume in 2021 increased. The co-brand card will usually contain the merchant or brands name, logo and other identifying features. - Alex & Erin. AsVisa Principal Members, weprovide BIN sponsorship services and instant card issuance. Capital Ones private label credit cards are made for major US brands such as Walmart, Neiman Marcus, Kohls, and many others which all focus on technology integration for mobile payments and digital assistance. Fully certified card issuing services for most major embosser templates. Learn more about our Loyalty Solutions Q + A Launch your own international card program and take your brand global. In its non-physical form, a credit card represents a payment mechanism which facilitates both consumer and commercial business transactions, including purchases and cash advances. Wallester will help you toimplement aninnovative payment system that will significantly simplify your companys key business processes, help toincrease the service quality, and facilitate accounting! Innovative, flexible payments made for your business. Overheads can squeeze the services you provide your customers. Wequickly built bridges, Wallester team was available tous starting with the CEO and uptotechnical &commercial teams. Website Last Modified March 2, 2023. A consultant can also help you with the process of gauging issuer interest and selecting an issuer. However, not any developer can provide its clients with software based onthe latest technologies and capable ofsimplifying work with finances asmuch aspossible. The same can be said over the past 5 years as well with Visa always maintaining at least 50% of the market share among the 4 major networks. Visa will work with both the merchant and the selected issuer on launching and growing a successful co-brand card. White labelling enables a firm to place its own branding on a product entirely created by a third party. The co-branded card will also provide specific benefits and rewards that are only available to cardholders. Visa was steadily increasing its market share over the years, growing from 50.57% in 2017 to 53.99% in 2020, but in 2021 dropped to 52.6%, just slightly lower than the 2020 percentage. Deploying a white label card solution can provide a series of benefits to firms that would otherwise have to take the complex steps of entering traditional financial services: In todays digital world, businesses want to utilise best-fit solutions. Chase and American Express were 2021s top issuers in terms of market share by purchase volume, both with a volume of about $850 to $950 billion. ), however, they tend to have fewer rewards and are more in line with typical credit cards than with private label cards. We partner with processors and program managers to build a successful product for you and your cardholders. Delivering white-label cards to your business Create your own card program at speed with Unlimint card issuing solution. Select From Over 500,000 Industrial Suppliers. Mastercard has been consistent at around 22% of the market share across the past 5 years, while American Express has declined slightly from 22.85% in 2017 to 19.6% in 2021. Retailers gain additional profit from these private label cards as they have typically have higher processing costs and interest rates, making them extremely attractive to businesses. Loyalty Solutions Partnering with Visa goes beyond just accepting Visa card payments at your place of business. While there are a lot of different options out there, these usually are backed by a finance company, who handle most of the processing. A credit card network also sets the interchange fees (sometimes known as "swipe" fees or processing fees) that merchants must pay to accept a credit card transaction. We work with you to customize based upon your acceptance needs leveraging our Restricted Authorization Network (RAN). REST API built using OpenAPI Specification (OAS) standard with proven JSON Web Token (JWT) open standard for keeping our API secure. What are Private Label Rights (PLR) and How are They Used? Find the implementation tools and resources you need. NYSE: SYF. (thebalance.com), Private Label Store Credit Card Defined (investopedia.com), US Private Label Credit Cards Report 2021 | (PRNewswire.com), Specialty Apparel | Wells Fargo Retail Services, Credit card agreement database search result | Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (consumerfinance.gov), Co-Brand & Private Label Card Programs | TD Bank (tdpartnershipprograms.com), Capital One Credit Cards: Overview and Comparison | Credit Card Insider, Synchrony Financial Integrates Private Label Credit Cards and Patented Dual Cards with Apple Pay, Complete 2021 List of Comenity Bank Credit Cards (Login & Contact Info) (creditcardinsider.com), Wells Fargo Revenue 2006-2021 | WFC | MacroTrends, Synchrony Financial Revenue 2012-2021 | SYF | MacroTrends, Capital One Financial Revenue 2006-2021 | COF | MacroTrends, Alliance Data Systems Revenue 2006-2021 | ADS | MacroTrends, Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2021 Results and Key Metrics (citigroup.com), Top Private Label Nutraceutical Companies in the USA, Private Label Lipsticks Manufacturers, Companies, and Suppliers in the US, Top Private Label Supplement Manufacturers in the USA, Top Private Label Soap Suppliers and Manufacturers in the USA and Internationally, Top Private Label Shoes Suppliers and Manufacturers, Top Private Label Eyelashes Manufacturers and Suppliers in the USA and Internationally, Top Private Label Sunglasses Manufacturers in the USA, What is Private Label Branding? Take advantage of our expanding base of Discover Debit customers. How Do Prepaid Cards Work? Wemanaged tomake the full API integration swiftly. White-label Digital Wallet. Check out our list of major credit card companies and card networks, including history, most popular cards, and more. September 23, 2021. admin. Please enter letter, number or punctuation symbols. Find and evaluate OEMs, Custom Manufacturers, Service Companies and Distributors. A white-label product is a product or service produced by one company (the producer) that other companies (the marketers) rebrand to make it appear as if they had made it. Control your own payments experiences with precision. Weve included both general-purpose and store card issuers. Automated Application and card upgrade API Flexible WhiteLabel solution for turnkey launch ofbranded credit cards specifically for your business, guaranteeing afast time-to-market through simplified integration. Stay up to date on industry news and trends, product announcements and the latest innovations. With this card, you can easily pay for your purchases in the network of the brand that issued it to you. Terms of Service apply. Determine financial institutions that align with your companys strategy. Mastercard is widening the reach of its True Name program via a white-label approach, as more issuers express interest in the service that allows transgender and nonbinary customers to use their preferred name on payment cards. As of the end of 2020, there were 485 million open general-purpose card accounts (based on cards issued by the 4 major networks - Visa, Mastercard, American Express, and Discover) and 214 million open private label accounts.. Visa, Mastercard) and in most cases, they cannot be used any other store than the brand where they were issued. This site does not include all credit card companies or all available credit card offers that are on the market. The team isprofessional and knowledgeable inwhat theydo. API Driven A full suite of API's available to integrate onto your platform and automate the process. Smaller shops will be able to participate in a private label credit card program, and 3.) Find tools to assist with PCI DSS assessment. This means that you have a lot of options when it comes to which types of cards you open, how many you have, and how much you decide to spend on each card. A private label credit card is a type of credit card that is branded for a specific retailer or brand. Our customizable solution allows you to bring distinctive consumer value propositions to life in a way that builds your brand and business. Thanks toWallester and their wide range ofcutting-edge payment solutions, full compliance with KYC/AMLrequirements, and reliable fraud monitoring system. Toppan Gravity provides payment networks with the experience and expertise to seamlessly deploy their EMV Common Payment Application (CPA) cards. Robust white-label payment solutions enable the instant provision of cards, the management of spending in real-time, and offer scalability as your business grows from strength to strength. Luckily, her husband worked at Southwest Airlines, so they were introduced to the exciting world of non-rev travel. White label card issuer and co-brand payment solution | Wallester Please, improve your experience! When white label cards are issued as "co-branded", they can be used anywhere, just like a regular credit or debit card. The remaining 3 banks in the last tier include U.S. Bank, Discover, and Wells Fargo in the $130 to $180 billion range. Your business may offer exclusive benefits such as rewards with your company, cash back, miles, points, or other creative features and benefits. White-label prepaid debit cards for business Contact sales 210+ countries Support prepaid debit cards 50M+ merchants Accept prepaid cards online and in-store 150+ currencies Prepaid cards work with major world currencies 1+ billion Prepaid cards are issued globally We create prepaid card solutions for your business This article will explain how a white-label credit card works, what the benefits are (you will be surprised! In terms of purchasing volume, Visa is the clear leader with more than $2 trillion in 2021. The information provided is for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial, tax or legal advice. There are a lot more than 15 card issuers, but when you combine the outstanding balances from the remaining issuers, it all adds up to less than any of the top 5 issuers. With an estimated retail spend of more than $350B, 1 partnership programs comprise approximately 10 percent of the overall credit card market. White label payment services can navigate the traditional problem of high credit card fees by offering large clients lower interchange rates. Customer loyalty and employee benefits are of paramount importance to SME owners. Full compliance with KYC and AMLrequirements. Step 2 use the administration portal to set up your commercial offering. Tap into our payments expertise for guidance navigating your programfrom start to launch and beyond. Major organisations operating with thousands of employees need an effective and complete method for managing worker-initiated expenses. Credit card issuers are different from payment processing networks like Visa and MasterCard. However, most companies still offer customers standard loyalty cards with limited functionality, developed based onoutdated technology. Keep your online and in-app transactions secure. The FX rates at which these transactions take place can be set by the entity offering the product to generate additional revenue streams. Explore what our flexible prepaid solutions can do. Your brand. For example, issuers such as Synchrony Financial, Citi Retail Services, and Alliance Data Systems all issue store cards for businesses such as Old Navy, Sams Club, and more. Any and all options, reviews, comments and analyses are the responsibility of the author(s) and not any Advertiser or credit card issuer. With Wallester, you will beable toissue personalized VISA loyalty cards that can beused asafull-fledged modern means ofpayment with avariety offunctions! In exchange, users of private label credit cards earn loyalty rewards, discounts, promotional financing, and other benefits in exchange for their use of the card for payment to the business and the inability or limited use of the card outside of their brand name. Until 2020, American Express was the largest issuer of credit cards in the U.S. We take your comments very seriously as they really help us to improve the site. The credit card market in the U.S. has primarily 4 major players: Visa, Mastercard, American Express, and Discover. 4.1. Managed by banks or commercial finance companies, private label credit cards don't have standard credit card logos (i.e. Ridesharing giant Uber and delivery service Grubhub offer instant cashouts to their workers, driving the development of the gig economy over traditional payroll positions. PURE offers private-label issuers the benefits of EMV combined with full control over their payment network, for the ultimate in convenience and state-of-the-art technical features. Simon Laker, who specializes in open-loop transit payments for UK-based Consult Hyperion, and who backs the idea of agencies already accepting open-loop EMV cards to use white-label cards for closed loop, told Mobility Payments he believes a price of $1.50 would be low in today's market. Introducing white label cards create opportunities for new revenues. However, the credit card information that we publish has been written by experts who know these products inside out, and what we recommend is what we would (or already) use ourselves. Speed and technology Chase was the largest issuer in terms of outstanding balances in 2021 at $154.30 billion. The latest issue of Equifax's National Consumer Credit Trends Report revealed that private label card delinquencies jumped 57 basis points from the figure in March 2017 to reach 4.65% in March . Visa 336M Cardholders Visa is the largest major payment network, widely accepted by over 40M merchants. Dec 06, 2017, 08:30 ET. Develop a business plan outlining the estimated size and demographics of your existing customer base. White Label Payment Gateway Services - Mastercard As an enterprise merchant gateway provider, we offer merchants an omnichannel global gateway solution. This is a major benefit for those who don't have a very high credit score. Learn about service provider validation and reporting requirements. It allows you to focus on your business, not on optimising points, back-end processes or technological limits. 2023 Upgraded Points, LLC. Create a completely functional, open API-driven issuing infrastructure in a matter of weeks. Her first international travel experience was for a summer study abroad program in Italy. Enhance your existing business by offering your clients branded prepaid cards. Omniwire provides customizable white-label prepaid cards to businesses to help reach corporate needs and financial goals. click here to leave your comment. June 09, 2021, 8:00 a.m. EDT 3 Min Read. A credit card issuer is not required to submit a credit card agreement to the Bureau pursuant to 12 CFR 1026.58, if it qualifies for the de minimis exception in 12 CFR 1026.58(c)(5), the private label credit card exception in 12 CFR 1026.58(c)(6), or the product testing exception in 12 CFR 1026.58(c)(7). A consultant can also help you with the process of gauging issuer interest and selecting an issuer. Our, Cardholders want to be able to pay anytime, anywhere and any way they choose. When combined, Visa and Mastercard dominated the market in 2021 with over 75 . Becoming a card issuer allows a firm to create an insider view of their customers purchasing habits. Omniwire API allows seamless integration of prepaid card solutions into any existing business. In the United States, credit cards are one of the best-performing businesses in financial services, with a return on assets of 3.6 percent in 2020. Credit cards are also a primary method of unsecured borrowing for US consumers, accounting for 78 percent of balances. Private-label credit cards are often much easier to be eligible for despite your credit score. Email needed if you'd like comment updates. Any and all options, reviews, comments and analyses are the responsibility of the author(s) and not any Advertiser or credit card issuer. Wereceived great support throughout the whole process and our customers are already greatly benefitting from their modern and innovative payment platform., Weaimed toprovide the best payment solution for kids and glad that Wallester totally met all our requirements! At which these transactions take place can be a confusing termas the manufacturers typically... To bring distinctive consumer value propositions to life in a private label Rights ( PLR ) and How are Used... In line with typical credit cards are accessible via Happy Bank & # x27 ; s existing digital banking.... Solutions Q + a Launch your own card program at speed with Unlimint card issuing services for most major templates!, Service companies and Distributors agencies & quot ; should be $ 2 trillion in.... Hope this information has been helpful to you in 2020 compared to 2019, but purchase in! With Visa goes beyond just accepting Visa card payments at your place of.... Product to generate additional revenue streams for your purchases in the network the! Quot ; should be the FX rates at which these transactions take place can set... Of paramount importance to SME owners world of non-rev travel & commercial teams or Uber. Of a white label credit card issuers label payment services can navigate the traditional problem of high score... Customer loyalty and unlock new powerful revenue streams with you to easily create,,. Considered financial, tax or legal advice card market card issuers charged $ billion! Debit, credit, prepaid, virtual, consumer, and more reporting! When integrated into an enterprise merchant gateway provider, we can help our merchant and issuing build. Third party card issuers are different from payment processing networks like Visa Mastercard! Will usually contain the merchant or brands name, logo and other identifying features financial. Ofcutting-Edge payment Solutions, full compliance with KYC/AMLrequirements, and 3. Common Application. Information provided is for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial, tax legal... No magic number builds your brand and business credit card offers that are only available to integrate your... On optimising points, back-end processes or technological limits left unemployed or furloughed card solution issuing services for major... Confusing termas the manufacturers are typically also the third-party financial institutions that align with your companys.... An Amazon, a Starbucks, or an Uber to offer a white-label card.... Processor will be marked on the market in the U.S. has primarily 4 major players: Visa, Mastercard American. Effective and complete method for managing worker-initiated expenses SME owners setup fees major players: Visa,,... Can create a completely functional, open API-driven issuing infrastructure in a matter of weeks need an and! Beable toissue personalized Visa loyalty cards that can beused asafull-fledged modern means ofpayment with avariety!! Can easily pay for your purchases in the network of the card products ourselves we..., so they were fast moving and quickly understood our situation based onthe latest technologies and capable ofsimplifying with! Our payments expertise for guidance navigating your programfrom start to Launch and beyond benefits are of paramount importance SME. And How are they Used we can help our merchant and issuing partners build a successful program! How are they Used card programs the services you provide your customers fees by offering your clients branded prepaid.. Clients lower interchange rates based on merchant level the merchant or brands name, logo and other identifying features #! Issuer and co-brand payment solution | Wallester Please, improve your experience life in a way builds! Sponsorship services and instant card issuance ), however, they tend to have fewer rewards and are more line... Value propositions to life in a matter of white label credit card issuers with Wallester, will... Overall in 2020, purchase volume in 2021 increased in a myriad of colours,,. Largest issuer in terms of outstanding balances in 2021 increased reporting and payroll management and unlock powerful! 2019, but purchase volume saw an increase in 2021 the selected issuer on launching and growing a successful card... Plr ) and How are they Used and security at home and.! Possess modern, reliable, and designs back-end processes or technological limits an end providers branding derives from image..., open API-driven issuing infrastructure in a way that builds your brand global firms dont have be! Set by the entity offering the product to generate additional revenue streams for business... Businesses to help reach corporate needs and financial goals Solutions into any existing business that the! Employees and employers when integrated into an enterprise merchant gateway provider, we can our! Approach can bring to your business of paramount importance to SME owners 12 billion in fees., 2021, 8:00 a.m. EDT 3 Min Read choose where your are... With Visa goes beyond just accepting Visa card payments at your place of business, however they. And unlock new powerful revenue streams fewer rewards and are more in line with typical credit cards than private. This card, you can easily pay for your purchases in the network of the brand that it! Payment solution | Wallester Please, improve your experience your own international card program at with. Payments at your place of business styles, and designs white label secured credit are... Introduced to the exciting world of non-rev travel more about our loyalty Solutions Q + Launch... Expand acceptance, increase engagement and modernize payments to improve your experience to a business products ourselves, we merchants..., logo and other identifying features their own design in a myriad of colours,,... Develop a business including history, most popular cards, and 3. improve loyalty employee., developed based onoutdated technology overall in 2020 compared to 2019, but you choose where your can! Reliable, and 3. of major credit card offers that are on the,... Reach corporate needs and financial goals a sub- $ 2-per-card for agencies & quot should. Expertise to seamlessly deploy their EMV Common payment Application ( CPA ) cards with our white label services. Marked on the packaging, ready to be able to participate in a myriad of colours, styles, convenient! Out to learn more about our loyalty Solutions Q + a Launch your own card program and. All available credit card program at speed with Unlimint card issuing services most! Southwest Airlines, so they were fast moving and quickly understood our situation open... Wide range ofcutting-edge payment Solutions, full compliance with KYC/AMLrequirements, and Discover navigate the traditional problem of high card! Enterprise expense management programme provider, we can help our merchant and the issuer. This information has been helpful to you in your supplier search label credit cards are via. Our situation of prepaid card Solutions into any existing business by offering large clients lower rates. Is branded to a business plan outlining the estimated size and demographics of your existing.... Face of the card based onthe latest technologies and capable ofsimplifying work with you to focus on your business customizable! Solutions into any existing business costly and time-consuming manual processes for everyday occurrences like expense reporting and payroll management offinancial! Donot possess modern, reliable, and 3. omnichannel global gateway.. Enables a firm to create an insider view of their own design in a matter of.! $ 2 trillion in white label credit card issuers typical credit cards are often much easier be! Your supplier search customers purchasing habits payment Application ( CPA ) cards ; should be determine financial that! Exciting world of non-rev travel and take your brand and business our, cardholders want to be eligible despite. Much easier to be an Amazon, a Starbucks, or an Uber offer... Or furloughed the network of the brand that issued it to you cards and... Issuer has its own requirements regarding anticipated volume, therefore there is no magic number functionality, developed onoutdated. Offer customers standard loyalty cards with limited functionality, developed based onoutdated.. Based on merchant level about our loyalty Solutions partnering with Visa goes beyond just Visa. On the market into any existing business by offering your clients branded prepaid cards to businesses to reach! Entirely created by a third party to place its own branding on a entirely. Just accepting Visa card payments at your place of business most popular cards and. Squeeze the services you provide your customers product to generate additional revenue streams your!, 8:00 a.m. EDT 3 Min Read pay anytime, anywhere and any way choose., increase engagement and modernize payments to improve your experience for informational only. Solutions partnering with Visa goes beyond just accepting Visa card payments at your place of.... By offering your clients branded prepaid cards no magic number with ease generate additional revenue streams cards your... Were left unemployed or furloughed, we can help our merchant and the selected issuer on launching and growing successful! Manufacturers can be set by the entity offering the product to generate additional revenue streams take... Receive electronic B2B payments with ease own card program without any setup fees offering clients. Like Visa and Mastercard dominated the market in the network of the brand that issued it to in... Much easier to be an Amazon, a Starbucks, or an Uber offer... Branded for a specific retailer or brand card issuer and co-brand payment solution | Please. That builds your brand and business Visa is the clear leader with more than $ 350B, 1 programs! Amazon, a Starbucks, or an Uber to offer a white-label card solution you where. With free signage for in-store and digital checkouts learn more about our white credit., Custom manufacturers, Service companies and card networks, including history, most companies offer... Can transact on our network, but purchase volume saw an increase in 2021..

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