The next year, the late king's marriage was declared invalid by the statute Titulus Regius of 1484, making his children illegitimate. Looking to her last end, Margaret commissioned a chantry at Christchurch Priory. Born 14 August 1473, Margaret was one of the few Plantagenets who had survived the Wars of the Roses She was the mother of . Her second son, Arthur Pole, had a generally successful career as a courtier, becoming one of the six Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber. The Editor Gregory had been corresponding with Reginald; the investigation of Henry Courtenay, Marquess of Exeter (Henry VIII's first cousin and Geoffrey's second cousin), had turned up his name. Richard Pole held a variety of offices in Henry VII's government, the highest being Chamberlain for Arthur, Prince of Wales, Henry's elder son. Margarets aunt, Anne Neville, thus became queen. But he himself did not sign the letter in which most of Englands nobles and prelates petitioned the pope to declare the marriage unlawful. Margaret kept silent on the matter. And "Look," we say, "look, I'm anchored! Did she plot against the crown? St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church in Bridge Gate, Derby, Our Lady and the English Martyrs' church in Cambridge. Margaret's third son, Reginald Pole, studied abroad in Padua. We do not know. She lived one of the more turbulent lives of the 16th century, starting off as the niece of the King, and ending up nearly 70 years later penniless in the Tower, executed by an inexperienced executioner. She was sentenced to death, to be executed at the king's will. She served later as a governess to Mary. His desire for an annulment was now not merely to secure a legitimate heir; it was also spurred by his desire to marry Anne. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. When historical novelists are looking for ways to empower their heroines they opt for making them hotshot herbalists or minxy witches. Nevertheless, she was taken from her cell to the place within the precincts of the Tower of London where a low wooden block had been prepared instead of the customary scaffold.[5]. That was clear to Cromwell almost from the first, and perhaps to More, too. In this first biography of a significant female figure in the male-dominated world of British Tudor politics, Hazel Pierce reconsiders the life and martyrdom of Catholic duchess Margaret Pole against the changing social and political landscape of her times. In 1504, More was elected to Parliament and one of his first acts was to oppose Henry VIIs request of a grant of three-fifteenths. The kings mother, Margaret Beaufort, was protective of young brides; her own body had been wrecked by a pregnancy at 13. Hilary Mantel. But if the great Sir Thomas More believed the king to be wrong? We do know that he tried in vain to support the kings position. His months of peace ended in 1533, when he refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn. Margaret may have been deprived of her dynastic importance, but her marriage was honourable and stable, and she retained her status, if not her familys great titles and wealth. But by then Lord Montagu was dead, executed along with the Marquis of Exeter and other opponents of the regime. The Bishop of Rochester John Fisher is executed on the same charge. Meanwhile, time was passing and a king used to instant obedience was determined to wait no longer. Best Known For: Thomas More is known for his 1516 book . First I went on the Internet to find some ways of measuring wind speed. When Prince Arthur held court in Ludlow with the 15-year-old Catherine of Aragon, Richard Pole was with him, and a friendship began between the bride and the chamberlains wife which was to outlast Catherines life and have deep and lasting consequences for Margaret Pole. Please change your browser settings to allow Javascript content to run. Perhaps the contrast with the quiet, gentle Jane was too striking. She was head of her family, a magnate with vast resources in men and money; any disaffection on her part was dangerous. Margaret Pole. There was a feeling in England that a new era had begun. In 1541, Margaret was executed, protesting that she had not taken part in any conspiracy and proclaiming her innocence. The countess was to look after the little girls health and diet, ensure that she did not wear herself out in learning French and Latin, and see that her immediate environment was kept spotless, so that everything about her be pure, sweet, clean and wholesome, as to so great a princess doth appertain. Thomas More (1478-1535), lawyer and moral philosopher, is still regarded by many Catholics as the quintessential good man. When Margaret was only four years old, her father was killed in the Tower of London where he was imprisoned for rebelling again against his brother, Edward IV; rumor was that he was drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine. No one would stage a rebellion in her favour while there were male Yorkists to mount a challenge. Pierces book is thorough and scholarly, and her work is acknowledged in Higginbothams biography, which is less detailed, but serious and judicious. But for the rest of his reign Henry VII would be plagued by pretenders, persistently rising from the dead. By Caroline Hallemann Published: Nov 24, 2020 She was a devout and learned young woman, and though we primarily know her as the older wife who could not bear Henry his desired son and heir, she was once young and pretty and well-liked. She would have been a widow when the portrait was painted, but she holds a sprig of honeysuckle, symbol of love and marriage. London Review of Books, When he later built his Great House in Chelsea, its rooms were specifically designed to encourage quiet study and prayer. Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 - 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York ), by his wife Isabel . The reasons were various, but the most important was Katharines position as aunt to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Charles would not let his aunt be cast aside (he was also considering the dynastic appeal of her daughter with Henry), and he pressured the pope to deny Henrys petition. Thomas More is the "Man For All Seasons" in the title of the play. As a boy, More spent some time in the household of John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury. . In the end, he could not be persuaded. More would stand trial for his life. She certainly didn't bow to any pressure later in her life to give up her son. Sir Thomas de la Pole was born circa 1378. As Countess of Salisbury, Margaret managed her lands well and by 1538 she was the fifth richest peer in England. Two days later, a four-count indictment charging More with treason was presented to the commission. [23] Her remains were later uncovered when the chapel was renovated in 1876.[24][25]. His personal life remained placid and content. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618. On 27th May, in 1541 Margaret Pole, niece of Richard III and Edward IV, was executed at the command of Henry VIII. My faithfulness stands fast and so, Her husbands career flourished. More's trial took place on 1 July. May 28, 2015. Henry and his ministers suspected Reginald of plotting to marry the kings daughter Mary, and unite her claim with his. Her heads. Susan Higginbothams carefully written book comes with a misleading cover puff: At last, a biography of one of the most fascinating women of the Tudor period, who has too long been overlooked. In 1512, Parliament, with Henrys assent, restored to her some of the lands that had been held by Henry VII for her brother while he was imprisoned, and then had been confiscated when he was executed. Certainly Henry wanted Mores support. His natural piety was at odds with other courtiers, all of whom jockeyed ceaselessly for the kings favor. If the great Sir Thomas More believed the kings marriage to be unlawful, why, it must be so! Henry VII paid for Richard's funeral. The National Archives, minsters' accounts, SC6/HENVIII. Because she was a girl Margaret did not represent the same threat. Margaret Pole, N B tc ca Salisbury (ting Anh: Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury; 14 thng 8 nm 1473 - 27 thng 5 nm 1541), l mt nh i qu tc Anh quc.B l con gi ca George Plantagenet, Cng tc x Clarence, em trai ca Quc vng Edward IV v anh trai ca Richard III.Margaret l mt trong s t nhng ngi ph . Because of this, she becomes an unprovoked target for the King's anger. In April 1523, he was elected speaker of the House of Commons. She held a noble title in her own right, and controlled great wealth, after she was restored to favor during the reign of Henry VIII but she became embroiled in the religious controversy over his split with Rome and was executed on Henrys orders. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, she became a lady-in-waiting to the princess. You see, we speak of being anchored to our principles. Please include name, address and a telephone number. Margaret Pole was one of only two women in the 16th century to hold a peerage in her own right. With the accession of the young king uxorious, beautiful and benign England seemed to have entered a golden age: and at his coronation, all the spectators, and presumably Margaret Pole with them, with great reverence, love and desire, said and cried: Yea, yea!. The boy, born in 1519, was welcome proof to Henry that he could father a son and that his lack of an heir was entirely Katharines fault. Two written eyewitness reports survived her execution: one by Marillac, the French ambassador, and the other by Chapuys, ambassador to the Holy Roman Emperor. Mores wife had been like most women of her time ill-educated, and during their brief marriage, he taught her Latin and other subjects. In 1520 Margaret was appointed governess to Henry's daughter Mary. (2020, August 26). And while this reasoning worked to replenish the royal treasury for Henry VII, it also provided the second Tudor king with a chance to curry popular favor when he in one of his first acts as Henry VIII imprisoned and later executed Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson, who were Mortons (and his fathers) tax collectors. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." Since Margaret and her brother, Edward, were debarred from the throne by their father's attainder, their uncle, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was offered the crown and became king as Richard III. Biography. 83 ratings9 reviews. But in the meantime, More had eighteen months of seclusion and study at his home in Chelsea. In May 1515, More was sent to Bruges as part of a delegation arranged by Wolsey to revise an Anglo-Flemish commercial treaty. Link will appear as Hanson, Marilee. It took the inexperience executioner a grand total of 11 swings to finally sever her head at the neck . London, WC1A 2HNletters@lrb.co.uk In 1499, Margarets brother Edward apparently tried to escape from the Tower of London to take part in the plot of Perkin Warbeck who claimed to be their cousin, Richard, one of the sons of Edward IV who had been taken to the Tower of London under Richard III and whose fate was not clear. Margaret Pole was the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, brother to Edward IV, and a leading figure in the Wars of the Roses. When Catherine of Aragon gave birth to a daughter, Mary, Margaret Pole was asked to be one of the godmothers. * Thomas Stafford (1531-4 May 1557) who was captured and executed for High Treason in Scarborough. The two children were of use to him; their maternal family, the Nevilles, commanded allegiance in the north. When Henry gave the nod for the execution to take place, no one was give. Sir Thomas having continued a Prisoner in the Tower somewhere more than a Twelvemonth, for he was committed about the middle of April 1534, and was brought to his Trial on the 7th of May, 1535. he went into the Court leaning on his Staff, because he was much weakened by his Imprisonment, but appeared with a cheerful and composed Countenance. Ten years on, her situation was more difficult to negotiate. He needed to convince the Spanish he was secure in his kingdom. When she reached her teens, a marriage was arranged with Richard Pole, a modest landowner with solid Tudor connections, who had been rewarded for loyalty by being made constable of several Welsh castles. He had long felt a calling to the priesthood. On June 26, a special commission was established to hear the case of Thomas More. Investigating An Anemometer. Please include name, address, and a telephone number. [12] In May 1536, Reginald finally and definitively broke with the king. After his marriage to Anne Boleyn and the birth of their daughter, Elizabeth, Mary was sent to join the household of the infant princess. (We should note, however, that More brilliant and perceptive was never especially comfortable in his kings good graces. Put a different hood on her, and she could be a man one of her own Plantagenet relations. He dictated letter after letter. This conviction meant they lost their titles and their landsmostly in the South of England--conveniently located to assist any invasion. letters@lrb.co.uk She was pregnant at the time of her bereavement, and soon she would join the entourage of the Spanish bride. It mattered to London shopkeepers, and to great churchmen. He did not share his opinion with the king. An Exclusive First Look at Laura Carmichael as Maggie Pole in the Series Finale of The Spanish Princess Watch as she confronts Sir Thomas More. Their destruction came with a wave of arrests in the autumn of 1538. Margaret's own favour at Court varied. He badgered Katharine ceaselessly. Nor make one step, as you shall see; But and of course this clause was added simply to trap More the Act also required a repudiation of any foreign authority, prince or potentate. More could recognize Anne as the crowned queen of England. In 1512, an Act of Parliament restored to Margaret the Earldom of Salisbury and some of her brother's land which had belonged to it, for which she paid 5000 marks (2666.13s.4d), equivalent to 2,164,602 in 2021. In Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, 1473-1541, Hazel Pierce was unable to corroborate Richard Morisyne's assertion that as a young widow Margaret Pole made her home with the other Bridgettine nuns at Syon abbey.However, the household accounts of Lady Margaret Beaufort (held at St. John's College, Cambridge) reveal that this was indeed the case, recording payments to her from . BORN: 1473. It was also due to Henrys deep and unfeigned friendship with More. Margaret's destiny, as an heiress to the Plantagenets, is not for a life in the shadows. It should be noted that Mores affinity for the monastic life never left him, despite his later marriages, family, and career. The Tower's professional executioner was away, so a young novice was given the job. Abstract. It was unlawful before man and God and thus void. She was no longer, though, the sort of influence Henry wished for his daughter. Margarets daughter Ursula would have 13 children, and three of her four sons would marry heiresses and have large families. Edward was then brought out and displayed briefly to the public. On his accession he granted her an annuity of 100 a year and on 14 Oct 1513 he created her Countess of Salisbury and gave her the family lands of the earldom of Salisbury. This is Aalto. Wolsey, for all his brilliance and cunning, could not compete with that influence. He was made knight of the Garter, and appointed chamberlain to the young Prince of Wales. 3.67. Towards the block I shall not go! Richard Pole was appointed to the household of Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII and Prince of Wales, heir apparent. Yesterday we travailed with the Lady of Salisbury all day before and after noon, till almost night. Sometimes the questioners were mild, sometimes roughly spoken, traitoring her and her sons to the ninth degree yet will she nothing utter. Margaret continued not uttering, or uttering no proof of treason. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, Margaret became one of her ladies-in-waiting, but her entourage was dissolved when Arthur died in 1502 aged fifteen. But Margaret Pole, one of the great magnates of Tudor England, is not overlooked. Ursula Pole, Baroness Stafford the daughter of Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury and Sir Richard Pole. Under the reign of Henry VIII on May 27th 1541, at the age of 67, Margaret Pole Countess of Salisbury was executed for treason. The Execution of a Duke. * Walter Stafford (about 1539-after 1571 . His son-in-law William Roper, whose biography of More is one of the first biographies ever written, tells us that More chose his wife out of pity: [A]lbeit his mind most served him to the second daughter, for that he thought her the fairest and best favored, yet when he considered that it would be great grief and some shame also to the eldest to see her younger sister preferred before her in marriage, he then, of a certain pity, framed his fancy towards Jane. Through her website she keeps lively links with readers and writers. (Edward would have had a better right to the throne as son of Richards older brother.) Jone Johnson Lewis is a women's history writer who has been involved with the women's movement since the late 1960s. If you use any of the content on this page in your own work, please use the code below to cite this page as the source of the content. He answered their queries as best he could, assuring them of his loyalty to king and state and stressing the matter of his personal conscience. Mr Buxton has returned to live quietly in Cranford following . Birth Country: United Kingdom. (Scientists aren't absolutely sure that people register no pain when the head is removed or that they lose consciousness instantaneously.) Margarets husband Richard died in 1504, leaving her with five young children and very little land or money. It was More's execution - far more than those of Anne Boleyn or Thomas Cromwell or Margaret Pole - which established the king's reputation for capricious cruelty. 28 Little Russell Street [2] His heir was his son Thomas. The accounts differ slightly; Marillac's report, dispatched two days afterwards, recorded that the execution took place in a corner of the Tower with so few people present that, in the evening, news of her execution was doubted. Edward IV died in 1483 when Margaret was ten. Ultimately, they would both become martyrs of their faith (though this show is not likely . She was married to James IV of Scotland from 1503-1513, which united the royal houses of England and Scotland. Henry Tudor had the real Warwick in custody, and was able to produce him, so the rebellion came to nothing. As a young man, he seriously contemplated joining the priesthood, only to become one of the most successful politicians of his time. We can't imagine how Margaret was feeling, she was 65 years of age when brought to the tower in 1539, an advanced age by the standards of the day. By 1527, the king was in his mid-thirties, and his wife six years older. He waited five days before being summoned to the scaffold on Tower Hill. Margaret Plantagenet, the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence and of his wife, Isabel Neville, was born on 14th August 1473 at Farleigh Castle, near Bath. It states that Margaret refused to lay her head on the block, declaiming, "So should traitors do, and I am none". His father, Sir Richard Pole, was a cousin of King Henry VII, and his mother, Margaret, countess of . The popular image is of a man principled, steadfast, courageous who placed his own conscience above his kings demands. It proved to be another happy marriage, though Mores friends remarked upon Alices sharp tongue and occasionally brusque ways. During her time in prison, Cromwell himself was executed. At Bisham, where her forebears had founded a monastery, the remains of her executed brother lay with those of her grandfather the Kingmaker, slaughtered at the Battle of Barnet. Both men were enthusiastic Humanist scholars, but they parted ways with regard to the kings prerogative. There is an apocryphal story that Morton predicted his bright and lively page would grow into a marvelous man. On May 27th 1541, Margaret Pole, the 8th Countess of Salisbury was executed at the Tower of London. There was a new king, a handsome, athletic young man who had once been destined for the church. Chapuys suggested to Emperor Charles V that Reginald marry Mary and combine their dynastic claims. She also had restored to her the title to the Earldom of Salisbury. Jan 2016 - Mar 20226 years 3 months. It was the Act of Succession, passed the following month, that sealed his fate. . For a time, she and her younger brother were in the care of their maternal aunt, Anne Neville, who was married to their paternal uncle, Richard of Gloucester. She was attended by servants and received an extensive grant of clothing in March 1541. ODNB, "Reginald Pole"; "Geoffrey Pole". Mores beginnings, however, hardly predicted his spectacular career. On her wrist, emblematic, is a small barrel. The former Lord Chancellor Sir Thomas More is beheaded for High Treason after refusing to recognise King Henry VIII's religious supremacy. Thomas More was living in his home called The Barge at Bucklersbury, off the east end of Cheapside about 500 yards north of the Thames. The symbolism and importance of this decision cannot be underestimated. Thomas More was born on 7 February 1478 in London, the son of a successful lawyer. Afterwards, he made a botched suicide attempt. He was even more aware than the king of Mores popular appeal; and this was to Mores detriment for it meant that his refusal to publicly support the king was not something that could be forgiven or forgotten. He moved into the Carthusian monastery adjoining Lincolns Inn and participated in the monks way of life as much as he could, while still pursuing his legal career. Based in North Carolina, Higginbotham is a lawyer by background and has written several historical novels, spanning different eras. But time and impatience had made him emphatic in his righteousness. Margaret Pole, as she was now styled, was held in the Tower of London for two-and-a-half years. She is a close student of the sources, and careful not to stuff her novels with false excitements. Today we know Sir Thomas More primarily as the author of Utopia, and as one of the more famous martyrs of Henry VIIIs reign. Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". Perhaps more than any other courtier of Henrys reign, More embodied the searching, troubled spirit of the early 16th century. No great European power was willing to commit men or money to this crusade, but their unwillingness was not apparent at the time. The chronology defeated observers, as if her life stretched back into a fabulous era when dragons roamed. This is what Margaret is now, besides paper and ink, and the ruins of her palaces: pieces of breastbone and pelvis, a single finger bone and four vertebrae. A Bill of Attainder disinherited Margaret and her younger brother, Edward, and removed them from the line of succession. Here is an excerpt from Chapter 7, "Unheard-Of Cruelty", describing the trial and execution of Sir Thomas More. We travailed with the quiet, gentle Jane was too striking also due to Henrys deep and friendship! Bereavement, and three of her four sons would marry heiresses and have large families was give symbolism and of... Of Attainder disinherited Margaret and her younger brother, edward, and was able produce! Lady and the English Martyrs ' church in Bridge Gate, Derby Our... Before and after noon, till almost night the National Archives, minsters ',! In vain to support the kings position represent the same threat would stage rebellion! Jockeyed ceaselessly for the monastic life never left him, so the came. 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