document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Your email address will not be published. Jackson's goal was to maintain discipline in a volunteer army whose homes were under threat of enemy occupation. A grayback was also a slang term for lice, so we can see the insult here. What were Confederate soldiers nicknames in the American Civil War? [128] According to the authors of Liberty, Equality, Power, "Expressing outrage at this treatment, in 1863 the Lincoln administration suspended the exchange of prisoners until the Confederacy agree to treat white and black prisoners alike. Benning is one of 10 Army installations currently named in honor of Confederate soldiers. This was about 10 percent of the total Union fighting force. May God forgive you as this is not what the New Testament is all about. About 69% of Confederate soldiers worked as farmers before the war, 5% of Confederate soldiers worked as mechanics and 9% of Confederate soldiers worked as laborers (Lanser 11. On March 8 the Confederate Congress passed a law that authorized Davis to issue proclamations to call up no more than 100,000 men. Its Anglicized spelling Yankee could, in this way, have been used to mock Dutch colonists. While Confederate officers were generally better-supplied and were normally able to wear a regulation officer's uniform, they often chose to share other hardships such as the lack of adequate food with their troops. Many of those remaining on the battlefield were still alive, but suffering terribly from their wounds and a lack of water. The first few states to join hands in the formation of the Confederacy were South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas. As one might expect, a much higher percentage of soldiers from slaveholding families than from non-slaveholding families expressed such a purpose: 33 percent, compared with 12 percent. Georgia Governor Joseph E. Brown was an extreme case of a Southern States Rights advocate asserting control over Confederate soldiers: he defied the Confederate government's wartime policies and resisted the military draft. According to historian Paul D. Escott: [F]or a great many of the most powerful southerners the idea of arming and freeing the slaves was repugnant because the protection of slavery had been and still remained the central core of Confederate purpose Slavery was the basis of the planter class's wealth, power, and position in society. Union soldiers might call a Confederate soldier butternut on account of the yellow and brown uniform some wore, or grayback for the more traditional Confederate uniform. Mostabout 90,000were former . Choctaw Confederate battalions were formed in Indian Territory and later in Mississippi in support of the southern cause. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. Cobb said using blacks as soldiers would be the end of the revolution, because "if slaves make good soldiers, our whole theory of slavery is wrong."[101][102][103]. However people in some counties in the northeast section were very loyal to the Union. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. This does not include an unknown number of slaves who were pressed into performing various tasks for the army, such as the construction of fortifications and defenses or driving wagons. Since some Confederate soldiers would have died for these reasons, more total deaths and total casualties for the Confederacy must have occurred. For Free. The Confederacy wanted to recruit Indians east of the Mississippi River in 1862, so they opened up a recruiting camp in Mobile, Alabama "at the foot of Stone Street". FactMonster.com is certified by the kidSAFE Seal Program. Ten companies were organized into an infantry regiment, which theoretically had 1,000 men. Army, Soldiers -- Confederate States of America -- Registers, Soldiers, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Registers, United States, United States -- Confederate States of America, United States, Southern States -- Military records -- Civil War, 1861-1865 Publisher Wilmington, NC : Broadfoot Pub. number is not known. [4] Since these figures include estimates of the total number of individual soldiers who served at any time during the war, they do not represent the size of the army at any given date. At first, it was thought that the Union would open fire, which would result in the Confederacy returning fire, resulting in Kirkland being caught in a crossfire. "Justice Has Something to Do with It: Class Relations and the Confederate Army." See answer (1) Best Answer. By the time Abraham Lincoln took office as President of the United States on March 4, 1861, the seven seceding slave states had formed the Confederate States. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. "[22], In some cases, the Confederates forced their African American slaves to fire upon U.S. soldiers at gunpoint,[91][92] such as at the First Battle of Bull Run. Throughout the war, the Confederacy raised the equivalent of 1,010 regiments in all branches, including militias, versus 2,050 regiments for the U.S. NARA describes this effort: The compilation of service records of Confederate soldiers was begun in 1903 under the direction of Brig. Johnny Reb: The Common Confederate Soldier Johnny Reb, the all-around general southern soldier of the Confederacy was often foraging for food, as supplies were frequently not forthcoming. The Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter signed the outbreak Estimates range from 500,000 to 2,000,000 soldiers who were involved at any time during the war. Four regiments usually formed a brigade, although as the number of soldiers in many regiments became greatly reduced, especially later in the war, more than four were often assigned to a brigade. color of their uniform), Grays, Johnny Reb, Johnny, or just plain ', "The South's Inner Civil War: The more fiercely the Confederacy fought for its independence, the more bitterly divided it became. Prominent Confederates such as R. M. T. Hunter and Georgian Democrat Howell Cobb opposed arming slaves, saying that it was "suicidal" and would run contrary to the Confederacy's ideology. [14] Four more slave states then joined the Confederacy. Army.[73]. the "CSA"), whereas the northern states that remained united under the U.S. Constitution were called collectively "the Union.". Confederate guerrillas were called Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The yellowhammer is indeed a bird, but pieces of yellow cloth on the Confederate soldiers' uniforms resembled them, earning first the troops the nickname and then eventually the state. Be the first one to, The roster of Confederate soldiers, 1861-1865, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Confederate States of America. Why SJF Cannot be implemented practically? Realizing they had advanced too far forward of their own unit, they attempted to return and Kirkland was shot. The lack of central authority and the ineffective railroads, combined with the frequent unwillingness or inability of Southern state governments to provide adequate funding, were key factors in the Confederate army's demise. Union slodiers - Yanks or Yankees . Neal Publishing Company, 1912.McPherson, James M. For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War. III, pp. [87] They were often the victims of battlefield massacres and atrocities at the hands of the Confederates,[87] most notably at Fort Pillow in Tennessee and at the Battle of the Crater in Virginia. These seven states also known as the Confederate States of America laid the foundation of the Confederacy during 4 to 9 February 1861 at a meeting held in Montgomery , Alabama. [25] On October 11, the Confederate Congress passed the so-called "Twenty Negro Law",[26] which exempted anyone who owned 20 or more slaves, a move that caused deep resentment among conscripts who did not own slaves. The following calls for soldiers were issued: The CSA was initially a (strategically) defensive army, and many soldiers were resentful when Lee led the Army of Northern Virginia in an invasion of the North in the Antietam campaign. Website Name. They were also called rebs and yanks. A small number of Asian men were forcibly inducted into the Confederate Army against their will, when they arrived in Louisiana from overseas. They seized federal property, including nearly all U.S. Army forts, within their borders. [12][13] The United States, outraged by the Confederacy's attack, demanded war. ), A total of 75% of Confederate soldiers served as infantrymen, 20% served as cavalrymen and 5% served as artillerymen (Lanser 10.). Educated soldiers drew upon their knowledge of American history to justify their costs. Two to four brigades usually formed a division. Additional information may be found by viewing the image of the original record. [113] He noted that some Confederates brought along "their body servants, who in many cases had grown up with them" and that "on occasion some of those body servants were known to have picked up a rifle and fought. Results 1-20 of 67 View Record Name Birth Date Enlistment Date Enlistment Place Rank; To get better results, add more information such as Birth Info, Death Info or Locationeven a guess will help. "Leatherneck, Jarhead" A US Marine. History was manipulated so these statues could remind the black people of their horrific brutal past and to keep them segregated from the white folk, while offending them. In December 1863, it abolished the practice of allowing a rich drafted man to hire a substitute to take his place in the ranks. [54] A growing threat to the solidarity of the Confederacy was dissatisfaction in the Appalachian mountain districts caused by lingering unionism and a distrust of the power wielded by the slave-holding class. Confederate - a supporter of the Confederate States of Howell Cobb letter to James A. Seddon January 1865. 3.5 to 4 million soldiers fought in the civil war. The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading, and Research. [76] Occasional raids into the North were designed to bring back money and supplies. I have a great-great step-grandfather who was a doctor in the 1st LA Cavalry during the War of Northern Aggression. 2000-2022Sandbox Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved. "[122][123] The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". On the night of December 13, walking wounded made their way to the field hospital while those who were disabled were forced to remain on the battlefield. The Confederate President, Jefferson Davis, himself a former U.S. Army officer and U.S. Secretary of War,[65] served as commander-in-chief and provided the strategic direction for Confederate land and naval forces. 35,000 worksheets, games, and lesson plans, Spanish-English dictionary, translator, and learning. Two to four corps usually formed an army. former british soldier, refused to charge lower rents. Fold3 provides convenient access to military records, including the stories, photos, and personal documents of the men and women who served. [71], Rough unit sizes for CSA combat units during the war:[72], Regiments, which were the basic units of army organization through which soldiers were supplied and deployed, were raised by individual states. The most common term for a generic Confederate, however, was Johnny Reb. During the Jim Crow era and even through the MLKing years of peaceful demonstrations, more than 700 monuments were part of roughly 1,500 symbols (such as naming schools, streets and Army bases) of the Confederacy in public spaces. Although only 20% of a sample of 429 Southern soldiers named slavery as the main reason they were fighting in the war, there was a reason for that, according to McPherson: Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. Information available about a soldier includes his name, unit, and rank. 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