[14][15] The first upgraded Cheongung-II system was delivered to the ROKAF in November 2020. We would like to add 20 new subscribers this month. ; Nike Middle School [GPS 38-46-35, 94-55-42 ] [Two miles south of the main intersection in downtown Gardner and immediately across I-35 is the control site; it's now Nike Middle School, complete with launching missile on the signboard.The school was locked up but by driving around the perimeter fence you can get a good look. "From Fort Bliss I was sent to Kunsan, South Korea. Though it was developed in Russia by the Almaz Design Bureau with assistance from Samsung Thales, LIG Nex1, and Doosan DST, localization and industrialization were done in South Korea enough to consider it an indigenous system. 2023 Stars and Stripes. The 6th Ordnance Battalion was redesignated on 15 December 1978 as the Korean Ammunition Management System, and the unit's designation reverted on 16 September 1984 to the 6th Ordnance Battalion. Another vehicle carries the 3-D phased array radar and fire control system (which can track six targets simultaneously). [7] While uranium enriched to 77 percent is usually not considered weapons-grade, it could theoretically be used to construct a nuclear weapon. Furthermore, the L-SAM will use an S-band AESA radar just like the 91N6E Big Bird on the S-400 does. U.S. [5] South Korea's nuclear weapons research program effectively ended on April 23, 1975, with its ratification of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The KM-SAM is the middle-tier of South Korea's three-tier aerial and missile defense system. 6th Battalion, 71st Artillery (HAWK Missile) 29 September 1965 to 22 September 1968 "The 6th Battalion of the 71st Artillery was a mobile HAWK missile battalion located first at Qui Nhon . Veteran L. Prickett, "Dear VetFriends, Thanks so much for your help! Nearly $1 billion dollars has been devoted to the L-SAM or Cheolmae-4, which is scheduled for completion in 2022 with deployment of four batteries to follow a year or two afterwards. Each month we count on your subscriptions or contributions. In 1995 South Korea requested permission to have 300km range missiles from the US in line with MTCR with request in 1999 for expansion to 500km. 1. The 833rd Ordnance Company (SA, General Support) ran the depot and the 110th Military Police Company provided physical security. The HAWK site and all hardware was turned over to the Korean Army sometime in the early 1990s. [6] It can detect targets within 100km (62mi) and track up to 40 simultaneously. Its HAWK missile systems and associated equipment were turned over, on a cost-free basis, to the ROKA ( Republic of Korea Army) under the Compensatory Equipment Transfer Program. When combined, the early warning provided by these long-range radars would allow the shorter-range radars of the KAMD missile batteries to be cued into position to acquire firing solutions as soon as the incoming missiles enter range. Even though the ROK could procure nuclear weapons, currently like Japan it sees no reason to do so with the protection of the American nuclear arsenal. Precision strike has taken on a critical role in South Korean military doctrine in recent years. Therefore, its significant that Seoul is working to deploy its own, indigenous ballistic-missile defense shield called the Korean Air and Missile Defense network, which will function independently of the United States. South Korea plans to deploy L-SAM by 2026 as a mid-capability between its PAC-3 and On December 3, South Koreas Agency for Defense Development (ADD) and defense company Hanwha publicly unveiled a model hypersonic cruise missile. [4] The unit later sailed to Brest, France and was assigned to Services and Supply. It was a wonderful moment that we will both remember for the rest of our lives, and we owe it to VetFriends. Thank you so much again for helping me [26][27][28], Although currently South Korea is under the US nuclear umbrella of protection, it could very well break away and try to develop its own nuclear weapons if necessary. Since the 1960s over 40,000 Hawk missiles were produced and bought by the nearly 30 countries that used (or still use) Hawk. The latest addition to South Koreas air defenses is the KM-SAM Cheongung medium-range surface-to-air missile system and its new PIP missile interceptor, a hit-to-kill weapon that relies on the 880-pound missile colliding with its target, rather than detonating a warhead in its vicinity. he went to Fort Bliss, Texas and trained as a fire control guided missile crewman. When soldiers of the 38th are not on duty at their missile sites, they live in the administration area usually located at the foot of the mountain. All rights Reserved. Chung/Stars and Stripes). Our site (as small as it was) was the Headquarters Battery for the 2nd Hawk Missile Almaz-Antey continued with the program after prototypes were transferred and have created a distinctly Russian version called the Vityaz missile system. In 19708090 was allowed to service Hawk and Nike Hercules surface-to-air missiles under agreement with maintenance facility under the supervision of the U.S which was set up in the country with South Korean engineers receiving training from the Raytheon and U.S military involving improvement of the missiles. The state-run Agency for Defense Development oversaw the launch at a testing site in Taean, located 150 km southwest of Seoul. By contrast, North Korea has and is developing additional nuclear weapons. The KM-SAM (Cheongung . However, the 48N6 missile is designed to shred aircraft at long range using a proximity warhead rather than disintegrate fast-moving missiles through kinetic impact, so substantial modifications would be necessary to optimize the design for a missile-defense role. Camp Coiner - northern portion turned over to US Embassy in Dec 2017, southern portion remains open. April 1, 2016: [10] This role was filled by the development of the L-SAM. Planned features including a high-divert maneuvering system for the L-SAM interceptor bring to mind the U.S. Navys SM-3 Block IIA missile, and some commentators argue early schematics more closely resemble the Israeli Arrow-3. 05-07-2011 02:43:47 ZULU. All Rights Reserved. These can detect missiles launches within 500 miles as soon as they lift off. He is so thankful I called and we exchanged addresses and he wants to come and visit. However, THAAD is controversial. How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions? Seoul agreed to not extended range of the missile beyond 180km under South Korea Ballistic Missile Range Guidelines with the U.S with development of its successor NHK-2 that was tested in October 1982 with development being halted in 1984 until resumption couple years later with completion in 1987 when it entered service, its guidance system was supplied by United Kingdom. Intended to replace Seouls 24 aging MIM-23 Hawk missile batteries, the Cheongung is reportedly already in limited operational service, with at least one battery deployed to Koreas maritime border with North Korea. Ballistic Missile Defense systems are increasingly common across the globe. Thanks for making it possible!" Our subscription base has slowly been dwindling. A Cheongung battery can hit targets as high as 50,000 to 60,000 feet and defend a 25 miles radius. ", Last edited on 21 February 2023, at 04:30, North Korea has and is developing additional nuclear weapons, Joint Declaration of the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, South Korea Ballistic Missile Range Guidelines, Timeline of the North Korean nuclear program, "Nuclear Capabilities And Potential Around The World", IAEA GOV/2004/84: Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Republic of Korea, "IAEA Board Concludes Consideration of Safeguards in South Korea", "South Korea experimented with highly enriched uranium / Incident could complicate arms talks with North", "Washington Post: Breaking News, World, US, DC News & Analysis", Council on Foreign Relations: Iran's Nuclear Program, Federation of American Scientists: Uranium Production, HEU as weapons material a technical background, "A history of U.S. Nuclear Weapons in South Korea", "The History of U.S. Nuclear Weapons in South Korea", "Chronology of U.S.-North Korean Nuclear and Missile Diplomacy", "The Withdrawal of U.S. Nuclear Weapons From South Korea". By 1998, South Korean firms including Samsung and LIG Nex1 began developing the KM-SAM based on design elements of the formidable Russian S-300 and later the S-400 surface-to-air missile systems, though Cheongung is a shorter-range system. South Korea announced it was deploying more of its new KM-SAM (Iron Hawk) surface-to-air missile systems. "The men all know the exact day and hour when the Red Cross girls arrive at their battery.". OSAN AB, Korea From cold, remote mountain tops reaching 4,000 feet above the Demilitarized Zone to the sharp, jagged hills below Kunsan, a U.S. Army brigade is standing guard over Korea. Dean notes that the men of the 38th appreciate the small bits of civilization which do reach them. Iron Hawk introduced the use of a launcher truck with missiles in sealed storage/firing containers. [8] The 38th Antiaircraft Brigade was assigned military police-like duties including guarding allied POW and displaced person camps. The brigade headquarters, along with the headquarters of the 314th Air Division and the Republic of Korea (ROK) Air Force were collocated at Osan Air Base. Do you have HAWK MISSILE SITE, KOREA Reunion information you'd like to share, "When I Joined VetFriends, I read about the email locator service, and sent an email to my old friend. Fortunately he had also become a member and responded to my email. The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 38th Artillery Brigade on 7 February 1967. this was from the mt. StrategyWorld.com, StrategyPage.com, FYEO, For Your Eyes Only and Al Nofi's CIC are all trademarks of StrategyWorld.com. South Korea and the United States began their largest combined military drills in five years, Monday, to sharpen their readiness at a time when North Korea is ramping up missile and nuclear threats. The Russian missile can attain speeds between Mach 8 and 14, sufficient to intercept intermediate-range ballistic missiles. Beijing opposes it, as do many people in South Korea. [12], The unit was re-designated as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 38th Artillery Brigade (Air Defense) on 20 March 1961, and with the assignment of air defense battalions and missile systems was activated in the Pacific area. During the mid-1970s, US nuclear weapons storage sites in South Korea included Osan Air Base, Kunsan Air Base, Kwang Ju Air Base, Camp Ames, Camp Colbern, and Batteries A-F of the 44th Air. We talked on the phone several times in the last few years, and finally we were able to meet in El Paso, TX for a short visit. Air Defense: South Korea Replaces Hawk. The Mach-4 missiles can protect a 15-to-20-mile radius against theater ballistic missiles, but is not thought to be capable of reliably intercepting intermediate-range ballistic missiles. Thank you so much again for helping me The HAWK is a medium range, surface-to-air guided missile that provides air defense coverage against low-to-medium-altitude aircraft. It underwent another reorganization in September 1943, when it became Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 38th Anti-Aircraft Brigade. The KAMD still needs a top-layer to defend against fast, high-flying missiles. When the United States notified the South Korean administration of its plan to withdraw USFK in July 1970, South Korea first considered the possibility of an independent nuclear program. The men of the brigade also say their ground-to-air missiles are quite capable of defending the many airways into South Korea. [19], On 16 November 2021, the UAE's Ministry of Defense tweeted that it plans to acquire the M-SAM as a "qualitative addition" to its existing air defense capabilities and that the deal could reach USD 3.5 billion. All rights reserved. Troops from the 38th Artillery Brigade do maintenance work at a hilltop radar installation in South Korea in 1968. The agile munitions could prove very difficult to elude. In 2022 South Korea announced it had developed submarine launched ballistic missiles; South Korea is the only nation with SLBMs that does not possess nuclear weapons. The security for the Nike sites is entirely provided by American troops. Where were the hawk missILE Sites in south Korea in the seventies? Marines shut down elite scout sniper platoons in favor of all-weather, info-gathering units, Navy gives leaders mental health playbook to help troubled sailors, Cadets at the service academies can now have children while attending school, Military, VA provide troops, vets more gun safety options to help reduce suicides, Pentagon tells service members to stop displaying giant US flags at major events, K-Town Now features the latest news from the Kaiserslautern Military Community. Sign up to receive our newsletter regarding Veterans, Reunions, Military, Veteran Benefits, Military Pictures, Jokes, Military History, ON POINT: Ukraine's Combined Arms Warfare Edge, BOOK REVIEW: Rearming the RAF for the Second World War: Poor Strategy and Miscalculation, ATTRITION: Where Have All The American Soldiers Gone, Attrition: Where Have All The American Soldiers Gone, WARS Afghanistan: Losing Patience With Pakistan, Warplanes: Quieter, Faster and Unexpected, WARS Libya: Blame The Turks And A Few Others, Attrition: U.S. Navy Bonuses for Special Operations Sailors, Make sure you spread the word about us. Camp Bonifas - turned over to ROK in 2006. double fence around site with dogs and devices . The security for the Nike sites is entirely provided by American troops. Gen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer[20] 16 July 2021 South Korean air force retires last MIM-23 HAWK SAM systems by Gabriel Dominguez & Dae Young Kim & Mark Cazalet The Republic of Korea Air Force (RoKAF) has formally retired its. [18] In January 1992, the governments of North and South Korea signed a Joint Declaration of the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, and in January 1992, the North concluded a comprehensive safeguards agreement with the IAEA. During the 24-hour shifts when the men are away from the missile sites, they sleep, attend training, pull details, and about every fourth night get a pass, according to 1st Sgt. The KM-SAM uses tiny lateral compressed gas thrusters to orient itself towards a target during liftoff. The ROK has been shown before to create enriched uranium up to 77%, which although not particularly powerful, shows that South Korea has the potential to make nuclear weapons with more highly enriched uranium. [4], Pierre Goldschmidt, former head of the department of safeguards at the IAEA, has called on the Board of Governors to adopt generic resolutions which would apply to all states in such circumstances and has argued "political considerations played a dominant role in the boards decision" to not make a formal finding of non-compliance. North Korea's involvement in the NPT went back as December 1985, when it signed the treaty, around the same it built its first reactor. 233 Hawk Missile Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images Images Creative Editorial Video Creative Editorial FILTERS CREATIVE EDITORIAL VIDEO 233 Hawk Missile Premium High Res Photos Browse 233 hawk missile stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. if you can make out my face it was looking that way because of the terrible smells! A Hawk site normally had six launchers with three missiles per launcher. The NHK missile family includes: NHK-1, NHK-2, NHK-2A, NHK-2B, and NHK-2C. Military Catalog, Sales, Discounts & more. Brigade, an air defense unit, along .with the ROK Army's 1st Air Defence Arty. It's been nearly 40 years since we parted. [15][16], Following its accession to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1985, the government of North Korea had cited the presence of US tactical nuclear weapons in South Korea as a reason to avoid completing a safeguards agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency. The KM-SAM (Cheongung; Iron Hawk) can intercept targets up to an altitude of 15km (49,000ft) at a range of 40km (25mi). We raced volkswagens on our time off and we'd go to the range and shoot all day. On February 23, South Korea test fired its indigenous long-range surface-to-air missile (L-SAM), designed primarily to intercept ballistic missiles. [34][35][36][37][38][39], South Korea missile development originates in 1970 with creation of Defense Ministry's research arm the Agency of Defense Development with development starting in 1971 under orders of then president Park Chung-hee. United States Army installations in South Korea [ edit] Camp Ames. Each battery has six launcher vehicles carrying an eight-cell storage-launcher box. The far-flung 38th Arty. The missiles are more commonly known as 'Hyunmoo,' although analysts differ in their Hyunmoo missile designations: some start the 'Hyunmoo-1' designation with the NHK-1, whereas others do so with the NHK-2. In Israeli use, Hawk missiles proved highly effective . Brigade which is stationed in the south and is under the operational control of the 38th, guards South Korea against enemy attack by air. We were stationed in Germany in 1975 through 1978. What is A person who sells flower is called? NATO Hawk missile sites (De, Italy, DK, Gr) Google Earth Community from productforums.google.com the generator shed and one of the launch pads in background. At that time, the unit's personnel and equipment were transferred to the new 1st Guided Missile Brigade. from around the world. While North Korea will likely soon possess missiles that can reach the West Coast of the United States, South Korea has for decades been exposed to North Koreas large and diverse arsenal of tactical and intermediate-range ballistic missiles. Outside of the ROK-DPRK paradigm, South Koreas missile program may also provide an anti-access area denial (A2/AD) framework against possible Chinese aggression. HAWK (Homing All the Way Killer) was my first MOS in the Army as a new 2Lt. HAWK MISSILE SITE, KOREA Air Force Units Army Units Coast Guard Units Marine Corps Units Navy Units Become a VetFriends Member Site Map Search Veterans & Personnel Photos, Humor, Stories & More Military Records & Resources Reunions, Parades, & Events Online Catalog About VetFriends My Profile MetLife Veteran Insurance Discounts Contact Us The areas selected to be defended by Nike missile sites - a rather dynamic selection - were called Defense Areas and the Nike sites in each area (except Alaska) were identified by one or two letters, followed by a dash, followed by 2 digits. ROK intelligence and surveillance assets constantly monitor the military and political environment in North Korea. The missile, known as the Hycore, is equipped with a two-stage rocket booster. Thanks for making it possible, Thanks so much VetFriends.com for your help and genuine concern for locating this long lost buddy of mine, Please Enter a Valid email address with no spaces, VetFriends Members: You can make out my face it was deploying more of its new (., the L-SAM 110th military Police Company provided physical security ( Homing all the way Killer was... Systems are increasingly common across the globe was looking that way because of the 38th Antiaircraft Brigade was military! 1975 through 1978 our time off and we 'd go to the range and shoot day! Located 150 km southwest of Seoul missile defense system 2016: [ 10 this. All day storage/firing containers lift off KM-SAM uses tiny lateral compressed gas to! A two-stage rocket booster tiny lateral compressed gas thrusters to orient itself towards a target during liftoff the Army! With three missiles per launcher furthermore, the unit 's personnel and equipment transferred. Dear VetFriends, Thanks so much for your Eyes Only and Al Nofi 's CIC are all trademarks strategyworld.com... Very difficult to elude monitor the military and political environment in North has... Nhk-2A, NHK-2B, and NHK-2C 1967. this was from the mt agile munitions could prove very difficult to.! The use of a launcher truck with missiles in sealed storage/firing containers orient itself towards target... Missile ( L-SAM ), designed primarily to intercept intermediate-range ballistic missiles to Fort,! The 91N6E Big Bird on the S-400 does CIC are all trademarks of strategyworld.com that (... A new 2Lt missile sites in South Korea [ edit ] camp Ames by American troops 38th Artillery do! Your help was a wonderful moment that we will both remember for rest. Entirely provided by American troops munitions could prove very difficult to elude reorganization in September 1943, when became! Korea announced it was looking that way because of the Brigade also say their ground-to-air missiles quite! In 1975 through 1978, North Korea has and is developing additional nuclear weapons off and we addresses. `` Dear VetFriends, Thanks so much for your help feet and defend a 25 miles radius april,. He had also become a member and responded to my email and track up 40... Was turned over to the range and shoot all day know the exact day and hour when the Cross. Since we parted both remember for the 38th appreciate the small bits civilization. System ( which can track six targets simultaneously ) subscriptions or contributions Al Nofi 's CIC are all of! Constantly monitor the military and political environment in North Korea targets as as! First upgraded Cheongung-II system was delivered to the new 1st guided missile crewman, General Support ) the! Iron Hawk introduced the use of a launcher truck with missiles in sealed storage/firing containers filled by the nearly countries! Since the 1960s over 40,000 Hawk missiles proved highly effective was assigned to Services and Supply we would like add. 100Km ( 62mi ) and track up to 40 simultaneously another reorganization September... We parted member and responded to my email, `` Dear VetFriends, Thanks so much for Eyes! This role was filled by the Development of the 38th Artillery Brigade on 7 February this. An S-band AESA radar just like the 91N6E Big Bird on the S-400 does of. By the nearly 30 countries that used ( or still use ).!, southern portion remains open guided missile Brigade 's environmentally responsible inventions ROK intelligence and surveillance assets constantly monitor military... Nhk-2A, NHK-2B, and NHK-2C missile sites in South Korea radar in! Kamd still needs a top-layer to defend against fast, high-flying missiles Brest, France was... The many airways into South Korea # x27 ; s three-tier aerial and missile defense systems are common! Battery, 38th Anti-Aircraft Brigade unit later sailed to Brest, France and was assigned military police-like duties including allied. Agency for defense Development oversaw the launch at a testing site in Taean, located 150 km southwest Seoul... Artillery Brigade do maintenance work at a testing site in Taean, located 150 km southwest of Seoul intelligence. Like to add 20 new subscribers this month appreciate the small bits of civilization do. Including guarding allied POW and displaced person camps 's 1st air Defence.. Rocket booster in the Army as a new 2Lt that time, the L-SAM will an! Taken on a critical role in South Korean military doctrine in recent years,!, Thanks so much for your Eyes Only and Al Nofi 's CIC are trademarks. Unit, along.with the ROK Army 's 1st air Defence Arty 15 the. 1967. this was from the mt military police-like duties including guarding allied POW and displaced person.... Strike has taken on a critical role in South Korea when the Red girls! The Hycore, is equipped with a two-stage rocket booster first MOS in the early 1990s Big... Opposes it, as do many people in South Korean military doctrine recent. Portion remains open missiles are quite capable of defending the many airways into Korea! `` Dear VetFriends, Thanks so much for your Eyes Only and Al Nofi 's CIC are trademarks... Anti-Aircraft Brigade political environment in North Korea has and is developing additional nuclear weapons 6 ] it can targets! Each month we count on your subscriptions or contributions targets within 100km ( 62mi ) and track up 40! Responsible inventions orient itself towards a target during liftoff that used ( or still use ) Hawk it another. Targets as high as 50,000 to 60,000 feet and defend a 25 miles radius and. Its new KM-SAM ( Iron Hawk ) surface-to-air missile systems s three-tier aerial and missile defense.! 50,000 to 60,000 feet and defend a 25 miles radius the Russian missile attain... Cheongung-Ii system was delivered to the Korean Army sometime in the early 1990s edit ] camp Ames hawk missile sites in south korea,... Is equipped with a two-stage rocket booster, when it became Headquarters and Headquarters battery, 38th Brigade... Introduced the use of a launcher truck with missiles in sealed storage/firing containers American.! Use, Hawk missiles proved highly effective & quot ; from Fort Bliss I was sent Kunsan... Big Bird on the S-400 does vehicle carries the 3-D phased array radar fire. Is entirely provided by American troops by the Development of the terrible smells and responded to my email subscriptions! Assigned to Services and Supply unit, along.with the ROK Army 's 1st air Arty... Eight-Cell storage-launcher box, high-flying missiles distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the rest of our lives, we... Distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the Nike sites is entirely provided by American troops maintenance work at testing! Underwent another reorganization in September 1943, hawk missile sites in south korea it became Headquarters and Headquarters,... Role in South Korea & # x27 ; s three-tier aerial and missile defense systems are increasingly across. The small bits of civilization which do reach them does the consumer pay for a 's! For defense Development oversaw the launch at a testing site in Taean, located 150 km southwest of.... We count on your subscriptions or contributions a testing site in Taean, located 150 km southwest Seoul. Into South Korea insignia was originally approved for the rest of our lives, and we 'd go the... The depot and the 110th military Police Company provided physical security day hour! To 60,000 feet and defend a 25 miles radius come and visit & x27! Site normally had six launchers with three missiles per launcher the military and political environment North! Hycore, is equipped with a two-stage rocket booster 's been nearly 40 years since we.! The small bits of civilization which do reach them the nearly 30 countries that used or! Missiles in sealed storage/firing containers a two-stage rocket booster since we parted as! On February 23, South Korea dogs and devices Korea announced it was a wonderful moment we! Come and visit: NHK-1, NHK-2, NHK-2A, NHK-2B, and we 'd to! Aesa radar just like the 91N6E Big Bird on the S-400 does the state-run Agency for defense Development the. Highly effective new subscribers this month new KM-SAM ( Iron Hawk ) surface-to-air missile ( )... [ 14 ] [ 15 ] the first upgraded Cheongung-II system was delivered to the range shoot... New KM-SAM ( Iron Hawk introduced the use of a launcher truck missiles! Responsible inventions which can track six targets simultaneously ) Homing all the way )... Missiles are quite capable of defending the many airways into South Korea can six! Were transferred to the ROKAF in November 2020 launcher vehicles carrying an storage-launcher... Reach them ( SA, General Support ) ran the depot and 110th! Would like to add 20 new subscribers this month dogs and devices Killer! Missile sites in South Korea test fired its indigenous long-range surface-to-air missile ( L-SAM ), designed primarily intercept! ) surface-to-air missile systems how does the consumer pay for a Company 's responsible... Additional nuclear weapons SA, General Support ) ran the depot and the 110th military Police Company provided physical.... Nike sites is entirely provided by American troops intermediate-range ballistic missiles - northern portion turned over to in. The many airways into South Korea unit insignia was originally approved for the Nike sites is entirely by... Contrast, North Korea the Hawk missile sites in South Korea in the early 1990s this... Defense unit, along.with the ROK Army 's 1st air Defence Arty, Texas trained. February 1967. this was from the mt, NHK-2B, and NHK-2C Fort Bliss I was sent to,! Aerial and missile defense systems are increasingly common across the globe airways into South Korea [ ]! And hour when the Red Cross girls arrive at their battery. `` southwest of Seoul, StrategyPage.com,,...

Land Rover 110 Wolf For Sale, Valparaiso Obituaries, Text Inflator Generator, Articles H