Journal of American College Health, 68(3), 271277. Many things can impact this including our physical health. An invitation to participate, which included a link to an informed consent form and the survey, was distributed to all university students at two large U.S. public institutions in the Midwest and the South via campus-wide electronic mailing lists. Trauma, recovery, and growth: Positive psychological perspectives on posttraumatic stress. The aim of this study was to understand how the sudden changes and uncertainty resulting from the pandemic affected the well-being of university students during the early period of the pandemic. Web1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.08.008. A variety of free online assessments are also available for use by counselors, including tools that measure well-being, positive psychological resources, and character strengths of university students in addition to existing assessment batteries. COVID-19 is challenging us to be creative in being emotionally close but socially distant. The Career Development International, 16(1), 6081. During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents emerged as one of the most Cleveland, A single overall flourishing score provides a global indication of well-being, and at the same time, the domain-specific PERMA scores provide meaningful and practical benefits with regard to the possibility of targeted interventions. Several researchers have found that relatively short training in PsyCap interventions, including web-based platforms (Dello Russo & Stoykova, 2015; Demerouti et al., 2011; Ertosun et al., 2015; B. C. Luthans et al., 2012, 2013) have been effective. -. Or consider trying a new activity that you havent tried before. Coping strategies with insignificant mediating role are not included in the table. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Cohen, J. B., & Zvolensky, M. J. Given the current realities of physical distancing, there are fewer opportunities for traditional-age university students attending primarily residential campuses to maintain social connections, resulting in social fragmentation and isolation. Psychological capital and beyond. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies https://doi.org/10.1177/0972063414526124, Masten, A. S. (2001). The 14 subscales may be broadly classified into two types of responsesadaptive and problematic (Carver, 1997, p. 98). 2021. To combat isolation, come together with your dorm-mates or graduate school cohort via technology. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The findings of this study should be considered in light of certain limitations. In this context, it could be useful to understand issues that people find most concerning and ways in which they cope with stress. Northwestern University. PMC Estimation of Psychological Impairment and Coping Strategies during COVID-19 Pandemic among University Students in Saudi Arabia: A Large Regional Analysis. Stress associated with adapting to online learning presented particular challenges for students who did not have adequate internet access in their homes (Hoover, 2020). American Psychological Association. Nursing education has moved classes online. Correlation analyses (see Table 1) revealed significant and positive correlations between four PsyCap HERO dimensions (i.e., hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism; Avey, Avolio et al., 2011) and the six PERMA elements (i.e., positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, accomplishment, and physical health; Butler & Kern, 2016). The five pillars of well-being are defined and measured separately but are correlated constructs that together are considered to result in flourishing (Seligman, 2011). Assessing college life adjustment of students with disabilities: Application of the PERMA framework. Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to major changes in peoples lives via protective strategies aimed at limiting the transmission of COVID-19, including social Coping strategies that predicted change in PERMA were used for mediation analysis. Do coping strategies play a mediating role in the relationship between PsyCap and well-being. Psychological capital development: Toward a micro-intervention. Stumbling on happiness. WebMike T. Docmerit is a great platform to get and share study resources, especially the resource contributed by past students and who have done similar courses. You made the JV team in 10th grade, later played in college, and still think of Callahan every time you succeed at work. Below are some resources that allow for physically distant connecting. What is the predictive relationship of PsyCap on well-being prior to the onset of COVID-19 and after the onset of COVID-19? B., & Everette James, A. Adaptive coping strategiessuch as active coping, acceptance, using emotional support, and positive reframingwere found to better aid in predicting well-being. The coping strategy of behavioral disengagement (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 7. Keywords: university students, psychological capital, well-being, coping strategies, COVID-19. (2014). By administering the PERMA-Profiler to university students, counselors could identify and understand what dimension of well-being should be further developed (Umucu et al., 2020). Optimism had a significant indirect effect on change in well-being compared to hope and resilience (see Table 3). Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 20(1), 5165. (2010). Advancing psychology to benefit society and improve lives. We examined whether the COVID-19 context shaped the efficacy of particular strategies to promote well-being. Are you able to do these activities? The main coping methods used were watching movies and listening to music (81%), playing sports (80%), praying (75%), rigorously applying social distancing measures Most educational institutions made sure that instruction was uninterrupted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. If you notice that you are feeling upset or more irritable, take a break from watching, reading, or listening to news stories, including social media. Gallagher, M. W., & Lopez, S. J. If youre a psychology graduate student on a clinical track, youre probably helping patients manage the same anxieties youre facing yourself. Interestingly, after the onset of the pandemic, the predictor role of certain PsyCap dimensions shifted. WebCoping Strategies Used by Student Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Literature Review. Given findings of the relationship between PsyCap and well-being in the current study, as well as in prior research (F. Luthans et al., 2006; F. Luthans et al., 2015; McGonigal, 2015), counselors may wish to focus on developing PsyCap to help university students flourish both during the pandemic and in a post-pandemic world. National Survey of College Counseling Centers 2014. International Association of Counseling Services, Inc. http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/28178. However, after COVID-19, self-efficacy did not present as a predictor of well-being in this study. Another thing you cant control? https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526, Carmona-Halty, M., Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. (2019). Psychological capital: A review and synthesis. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127152. International Journal of Wellbeing, 10(2). Adaptive coping strategies were also conducive to well-being. Among the PERMA elements, engagement and physical health were least impacted by COVID-19, whereas students experiences of positive emotion and negative emotion were the factors that were largely affected. Risk perceptions, fear, depression, anxiety, stress and coping among Saudi nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interestingly, using emotional support also showed a similar mediating link between resilience and PERMA, but not for the factors of loneliness and negative emotion. Prior to COVID-19, the PsyCap dimensions of optimism and self-efficacy were significant predictors of well-being. With schools around the country closed, students are facing unprecedented change. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Baj-Korpak J, Zaworski K, Szymczuk E, Shpakou A. Int J Environ Res Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9477-4, Ray, J. In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which radically changed students' daily functioning. Guided imagery can also be a useful and effective tool to help stressed students cope with academic, social, and other stressors. Helpful strategies of coping The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the functioning of universities worldwide. The study further analyses the causes of Malaysian university students' grievances and challenges and psychological effects in https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n10p102. Westers recommends trying some of these techniques to help your child cope with back-to-school anxiety during COVID-19: Validate and listen to any concerns. Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). You may have returned home, where youre missing friends and finding studying difficult. The predictive role of PsyCap on well-being at two time points (before and after the onset of COVID-19) was analyzed using multivariate multiple regression (see Table 2). (2007) developed PsyCap from research in positive organizational behavior and positive psychology. That is, what coping Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(S1), S120S138. Simon & Schuster. Self-efficacy was a consistent predictor of PERMA elements before COVID-19. (2011). Now is my chance to help others. Consistent with prior research (Avey, Reichard et al., 2011; F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017; Youssef-Morgan & Luthans, 2015), we found that PsyCap predicted well-being. Students are dealing with a variety of social-emotional issues during the COVID-19 pandemic from a lack of basic resources in the home, such as food, a deficit in coping skills, or perhaps a lack of internet access. Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Engage your senses with hot baths or fragrant candles. Weband is associated with psychosocial coping skills and resources, degree of experienced psy- university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach. Changes in PERMA elements were calculated by subtracting PERMA scores reported retrospectively by participants before the pandemic from scores reported at the time of data collection during COVID-19, and a repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to examine the difference. E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, Point-biserial correlation and Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationships of demographic variables, PsyCap, and coping strategies with change in PERMA scores. Fear and worrying about the virus can be overwhelming and cause strong emotions in adults and children. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1388434, Hazan Liran, B., & Miller, P. (2019). Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Finally, the moderate Cronbachs alpha reliability scores of < .70 (Field, 2013) for the subscales of the Brief COPE inventory and the engagement subscale of the PERMA-Profiler are of concern, which has also been expressed by prior researchers (Goodman et al., 2018; Iasiello et al., 2017). Mallhi TH, Ahmad N, Salman M, Tanveer N, Shah S, Butt MH, Alatawi AD, Alotaibi NH, Rahman HU, Alzarea AI, Alanazi AS, Alzahrani MS, Alshehri S, Aljabri A, Khan YH. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The data were screened and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, v25). Depression is a state of low mood that can lead to several negative outcomes on thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and even physical state. The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. The effect size of the change in the scores of individual PERMA elements ranged between 12.1% and 32.5%. Find new ways to celebrate. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal https://www.bestcolleges.com/blog/coronavirus-survey. There are a number of research-based approaches offered in the field of positive psychology to guide mental health professionals to facilitate development of PsyCap and other important well-being correlates. Mediator coping strategies. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. (2013). HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Journal of College Student Development, 56(8), 872875. Thus, based on the current results and on the participatory model of intervention, a support program for students is proposed which would involve psychological, organizational, and instrumental support. Published 2022. Relationship of Demographic Factors, Psychological Capital, and Coping Strategies With Change in PERMA Elements, Note. 2022 Oct 27;19(21):13994. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192113994. ), Handbook of emotions (pp. (2020, April 14). In this study, we explored these questions with a sample of graduate and In this study, accepting the realities, using alternative affirmative explanations, seeking social support for meeting emotional needs, and engaging in active problem-focused coping behaviors seem to be the most helpful ways to counter the negative effects of the pandemic on well-being. As the students collaborated with one another, they gained greater appreciation for one anothers disciplines and unique skill sets, Johnson-Huff said. Listen to childrens concerns. Further, the present findings highlight the importance of examining the relationships between each element of well-being and with each HERO dimension. Fig 1. Cronbachs alpha coefficients as a measure of internal consistency of the HERO subscales in the current study were highhope ( = .86), self-efficacy ( = .86), resilience ( = .73), and optimism ( = .83)consistent with the previous studies. Although mental health distress has been an issue on college campuses prior to the pandemic (Flatt, 2013; Lipson et al., 2019), COVID-19 has and will continue to magnify this phenomenon. These are potential areas of practice for college counselors and counselors serving university students. 500 Montgomery Street,Suite 820Alexandria, VA. 22314Phone (703) 684.7722Toll Free (800) 969.6642Fax (703) 684.5968. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1), 92100. The financial crisis and the well-being of Americans: 2011 OEP Hicks lecture. To avoid being overwhelmed, set limits on your media consumption and smartphone use. Fifty-four percent of the participants were undergraduate students (n = 326), and the remaining 46% were graduate students (n = 283). to the adversity. L = Loneliness. The final two pillars are meaning (M), a sense of purpose in life that is derived from something greater than oneself, and accomplishment (A), a persistent drive that helps one progress toward personal goals and provides one with a sense of achievement in life. Coping Strategies as a Mediator While PsyCap directly relates to well-being and coping strategies relate to well-being, our findings indicated that coping strategies also played a significant mediating role in the relationship between PsyCap and well-being. Try to get in at least one physical activity each day. All of these changes may have influenced students health 2021 Jul-Sep;104(3):368504211029812. doi: 10.1177/00368504211029812. Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. We utilized a correlational cross-sectional study design; therefore, although PsyCap was predictive of change in well-being before and during COVID-19, neither causation nor directionality can be assumed. PsyCap is a state-like construct that consists of four dimensions: hope (H), self-efficacy (E), resilience (R), and optimism (O), often referred to by the acronym HERO (F. Luthans et al., 2007). Ertosun, . G., Erdil, O., Deniz, N., & Alpkan, L. (2015). Babicka-Wirkus A, Kozowski P, Wirkus , Stasiak K. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Control-coping goodness-of-fit and chronic illness: A systematic review of the literature. Psychiatric Services, 70(1), 6063. The PCQ-12 (Avey, Avolio et al., 2011), the shortened version of PCQ-24 (F. Luthans et al., 2007), consists of 12 items that measure four HERO dimensions: hope (four items), self-efficacy (three items), resilience (three items), and optimism (two items), together forming the construct of psychological capital (PsyCap). These include approaches to building positive emotions (Fredrickson, 2009); coping strategies, which were found in this study to boost well-being (Jardin et al., 2018; Lyubomirsky, 2008); and effective goal pursuits (F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017). The first pillar, positive emotion (P), is the affective component comprising the feelings of joy, hope, pleasure, rapture, happiness, and contentment. Your classmates and family members are anxious, too. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1916, Primack, B. Research Question 1 B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Yet, despite the rapid emergence of these important studies, we still know little about how college students . Perception towards E-learning and COVID-19 on the mental health status of university students in Malaysia.

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