The bibliographyat the end of the document includes the full details of each source so the reader can find them themselves. You do not need to include any information about Westlaw or Lexis Library in your citations, as this is just the portal through which you accessed the report, legislation or article. If there is no obvious author/speaker, begin the citation with the title of the programme. 13 Hugh Jones and Christopher Benson, Publishing Law (4th edn, Routledge 2011) 32, The only difference is the author is now listed surname first for the first author and you do not include page numbers, Author,Title(edition, Publisher | year), Jones Hand C Benson, Publishing Law (4th edn, Routledge 2011), For two or three authors, all named authors must be included. If there is no title, use the name of the case in italics instead, and put note at the end of the citation. For example: Penalties for Disorderly Behaviour (Amendment of Minimum Age) Order 2004, SI 2004/3166. Authors are invited to make submissions in any language, though consideration of them is subject to the Editorial Boards ability to locate an appropriate peer-reviewer in the subject language. Canada (Human Rights Commission) v Canadian Airlines International Ltd, [2006] 1 SCR 3. Conference Reports and Book Reviews are not externally peer reviewed; they are reviewed by the Editor-in-Chief and/or Managing Editor only. You should use Re the Domestic Abuse Act 2017 rather than In the matter of the Domestic Abuse act 2017. If you read a book that was translated from another language (eg, you read an English translation of a book orginally written in German), cite the translation: If there is an author and translator, referenceas follows: See3.2.2 OSCOLA 4th ed. J Herring). Do not use other terms such as supra, op cit, loc cit. Footnote: As with bills, write HC for the House of Commons and HL for the House of Lords. When you refer to the same source you have just referred to (i.e. Trevor Bench-Capon, Transition Systems for Designing and Reasoning about Norms (2015) 23(4), Michel Foucault, The Subject and Power (1982) 8(4), 2023 SCRIPTed DOI: 10.2966/scrip ISSN: 1744-2567, Territoriality in Intellectual Property Law: Examining the Tension between Securing Societal Goals and Treating Intellectual Property as an Investment Asset, Copyright in AI-generated works: Lessons from recent developments in patent law. Alan Sugar, The Apprentice (episode 3, Aug 12, BBC1 2015) accessed 15 February 2016. If no neutral citation exists, as with cases before 2002, you can just begin with the report. Book Reviews should not normally exceed 2,000 words. When citing more than one paragraph, place the numbers in square brackets. A hyphen - should be used as a word separator (e.g. When referencing a specific article in a collected work please provide the author(s) name and chapter title (with all primary words capitalised), in double quotation marks ( ). These remarks made by the Director of company X indicate that). If only youd done it in the first place! Secondary sources include books, journal articles, legal blogs, encyclopedias like Halsbury's, Topic guides in Westlaw, and anything that isn't 'the law'. British Medical Journal podcast, 'Insanity in the Dock' (20 July 2012) 10:30-11:15 accessed 15 April 2014. You should abbreviate both as Smith J. Along with an overview of referencing, our authors share their thoughts on why referencing is used in academic writing. Otherwise, follow the rules for Books. Please use double quotation marks ( ) when defining a term for use in the article (e.g. List legislation, cases and secondary sources in separate sections of your bibliography in alphabetical order. Blah, blah.). If necessary, refer to specific parts of an Act of Parliament using section, subsection and paragraph numbers. If you read a book in a language other than English (eg, you read a book written in German), cite the primary source in the original language: Cite a book review in the same way as a journal article, but without the quote marks. 39(4), pp.652-669. endstream endobj startxref not a result of a search in a database). OSCOLA referencing guide (Online): Two or Three Authors Books with two or three authors Below you will find guidance and examples of how to set out a footnote reference to a book with two or three authors and in the bibliography. Referees will recommend one of the following options: (1) accept outright for publication; (2) accept subject to minor modification; (3) accept subject to major modification; (4) reject outright. Abbe Brown et al.). When citing a case, youll usually begin with a neutral citation a way of referring to the case that does not relate to a particular report and then give the details of the report afterwards. Quotes in a foreign language should normally appear in English translation, but the original text may also be reproduced if it is necessary that the text be examined closely. Taylor & Francis Standard Reference Style: OSCOLA The Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities is designed to facilitate accurate citation of authorities, legislation, and other legal materials. . You should cite working papers the same way as electronic journal articles. The rules for referring to parts of statutory instruments are the same as those referring to parts of statues. 'Serving Magistrates 2013' (The Judicial Office 2013). A longer dash is used to separate a sentence from a side remark (e.g. In the bibliography, list Command Papers alphabetically by author in Secondary Sources. Re T (adult: refusal of medical treatment), [1992] 4 All ER 649 (CA). Title | HC Bill | (session) | [number] OR title | HL Bill | (session) | number. Each primary word should begin with a capital letter (e.g. In this first example the pinpoints are at the end to paragraphs 42 and 45 of the case: In this example for a secondary source the page number 131 is given at the end: For more detailed information, see OSCOLA 2.1.6 and OSCOLA 4.2.5. OSCOLA was first devised in 2000 by Regius Professor Peter Birks, with the aim of reducing the "woeful waste of scholarly time caused by the absence of a national standard for citation . You should show the reader that you have used a range of sources in your work, which they could then find themselves. When citing courts, indicate the court in brackets after the first page of the report, and before the pinpoint if there is one. In a longer work, such as a thesis or dissertation, OSCOLA requires you to include tables listing any cases and legislation you cited, as well as a bibliography listing any secondary sources. Recap: Example for Journal Articles. When a Bill is reprinted at any stage it is given a new running number. For reports where each year is also identified with a volume number, the year appears in normal brackets. endstream endobj 637 0 obj <>/Metadata 30 0 R/Pages 634 0 R/StructTreeRoot 111 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 638 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 596.04 842.04]/Parent 634 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 639 0 obj <>stream The list is organised by type of source, and then alphabetically. The authors forename and surname with no full stops; The number of the edition (abbreviated ed., e.g. Where cases concern only individuals, leave out forenames and initials. If you do shorten names this way, you should always choose the name which comes first in the full name of the case in this case Glebe Motors, rather than Dixon-Greene. For articles with four or more authors, use the first name and surname of the first author followed by et al. which is not italicised (e.g. International Journal of Food Science & Technology. Williams J: OSCOLA uses a system of cross-referencing to save space when you repeatedly cite the same source. Contact your Academic Liaison Librarian if you have any questions about referencing. Don't worry, you can come back and edit the reference if you need to correct or add any information. In the text,a number in superscript1is added at the end of a sentence and after the punctuation. Information to include: A bibliography lists all your secondary sources that is, everything other than cases and legislation. Narcotics contribute greatly to the black economy, for example the value of illegal drugs transactions has been estimated at up to 1.5 billion annually. Alan Wright and Nicholas Hastie (eds. endstream endobj 406 0 obj <>/Metadata 53 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[418 0 R]>>/Outlines 60 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 400 0 R/StructTreeRoot 99 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 407 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 408 0 obj <>stream If you study Law at university, youll use the OSCOLA referencing system. Your email address will not be published. Round brackets ( ) are used when the year is not necessary to identify the relevant volume of the journal (e.g. A pinpoint is a precise reference to the part of a judgment or report through numbered paragraphs or page numbers. 428 0 obj <>stream Subsequent citations may use the abbreviated form. hbbd```b`` iX$&``j0L.GI Hc~ 6j / If you cant find a judgement in the Law Reports, you should cite the Weekly Law Reports or the All England Law Reports. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - LawTeacher is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. If there is no date of publication on the website, give only the date of access. Thereference is then given in the footnoteat the bottom of the page. OSCOLA Referencing Style. Bibliography: When referencing dicta from a case, either paragraph or page numbering can be used. In the bibliography, list bills in alphabetical order under the heading Secondary Sources. Dont use popular titles of Acts, for example, Lord Campbells Act. Rose v Melanson (2005), 194 OAC 186 (Ont CA). This means that for subsequent references of a source, you dont have to repeat the full citation. The bibliography is the same format as the footnote except that the author's last name comes first, only the author's initial(s) are used and there is no full stop at the end of the citation. When referring to a judge within a case, use the judges surname followed by the correct abbreviation. That means that you add small, superscript numbers (for example, 1,2,3) to the sources in your text, which connect to footnotes at the bottom of your page. SCRIPTed publishes Articles, Analysis Pieces, Case/Legislation Comments, Book Reviews, and Conference Reports. Note the different rules for annual case reports as compared with ongoing reports. Oscola by Donal Nolan (Editor); Sandra Meredith (Editor); Faculty of Law, University of Oxford Staff Call Number: D 340.074 OSC ISBN: 9781849463676 Publication Date: 2012-04-26 Examples of citing sources using OSCOLA These are some examples of how you might cite some common legal materials using OSCOLA. After that, you can shorten it. See page 10-11 of the 4th edition of OCSCOLA. Legal sources such as cases and statues may be cited, along with secondary sources, for example, books and journals. House of Commons bills are cited slightly differently from House of Lords bills. A Court of Appeal Judge who is Lord or Lady Smith should be referred to asSmith LJ. ), Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System (2008), available at, Mike Morel, A Brief Chance for Better UK Data Protection Law (Open Rights Group, 8 May 2017), available at, Sarah Butler and Gwyn Topham, Uber Should Lost its Licence if it Doesnt Improve Workers Rights, Say Drivers (The Guardian, 9 May 2017), available at. For detailed Our comprehensive guide refers to the 4th edition of OSCOLA produced by the University of Oxford. You do not need to use the Honourable. Deb is short for debate, vol for volume, and col for column. If you are a post-graduate law student, you are required to use this referencing system. Authors will be sent anonymised copies of Referee comments. In text:refer to the text giving case names in italics eg: InPhipps v Boardman31.. For most sources in OSCOLA, the bibliographic format is the same as the footnote. If referring to a different page in the same source, use Ibid., followed by a comma and the number of the relevant page (e.g. Remove Additional Authors, Add a 5th Author JAG Griffith, The Common Law and the Political Constitution (2001) 117 LQR 42, 64, 2. An OSCOLA (Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities) citation for a journal article includes the author name (s), publication year, article title, journal name, volume and issue number, page range of the article, and a DOI (if available). Use ch. when referring to a chapter and vol. for a volume. The authors name should be centred under the title and in lower case italics (e.g. Simply reference the relevant source as you would a paper copy. For an Authored Book (i) By a single author: Name of the Author, | Title of the Book | hjI_a/wM )B=:iq~I# o )'E-e>(-2GYYp,e`3& +gn%=~/WE5k}}Vm*e,e^*zGnAy For subsequent citation of cases, please cite the name of the first party only and the relevant paragraph, e.g. It was the thirteenth judgement issued by the House of Lords (UKHL) in 2008. You can see that the Bill is cited by its title, the House in which it originated (here, House of Commons), and with the parliamentary session in brackets (here, 2008-09). The following website is a useful reference: http://www.askoxford.com/betterwriting/us/?view=uk. Use the short title and refer to specific sections of the Act eg. With online journals that have been published electronically, give publication details the same way you would for hard copy journal articles. Ibid., in italics, should be used for consecutive citations. For shorter essays, this is usually not necessary, but do check your institutions guidelines. If there are more than three authors, cite the first author followed by and others. author, | 'Title' | date | volume number | journal title | 1st page of article | pinpoint (if needed) Paul Craig, 'Theory, "Pure Theory" and Values in Public Law' [2005] PL 440. A z can be used in official names of organisations (e.g. by Your email address will not be published. Be sure that quotation marks are consistent (e.g. For example (ed) or (tr). Where there are multiple parties in cases, you should name only the first claimant and the first defendant. List alphabetically in author order in secondary sources, giving the authors surname first. Use the following format to cite cases. If the next citation is to the same source, simply put ibid, with a new pinpoint if necessary. Bill title HL Bill (Session) Bill number. For a comprehensive list of legal abbreviations, use the Cardiff index. 1 1. Pajunen, K. 2008. When citing explanatory notes to statutes, precede the name of the statue with Explanatory notes to the. For the OED online, open the full entry for the word, and click on the Cite button (top right above the definition). A downloadable version of this OSCOLA style guide, with some extra details, Details for citing international law sources. This should be followed by the word in, which in turn should be followed by a reference to the collected work itself (see Books, above). If there is a direct quote/speaker, reverse the author's name as usual. Page numbers stand-alone without p or pp. The journal does not follow the Bluebook, Harvard, Vancouver, or Chicago citation styles. In the Bibliographythe surname is provided first, followed by the initial of the first name: If there are up to three authors, cite all the authors: Author 1, Author 2 and Author 3. e.g. The Lord Chancellor (now no longer a judge) should be abbreviated as Lord Brown LC, the Lord Chief Justice as Lord Brown CJ, and the Master of the Rolls as 20 Lord Brown MR. Where English is used, please comply with British English (see Spelling below). Traditional multispectral detectors usually consist of multiple monochromatic detectors or use filters to achieve specific wavelength detection. %PDF-1.6 % Follow this by the phrase available at, followed by the URL, which should be hyperlinked. Use the following abbreviations: Official notices of the EU are in the Official Journal of the European Communities (which is abbreviated to OJ). If the reference is to an editorial, cite the author as Editorial. Tonking S,Jury Trial (BBC Radio 4, 1 May 2010) accessed 15 February 2013. See theOSCOLA guidesand our Referencing with Confidence OSCOLA Guide for more details. His Lordship opined thatthe pursuers case failed.. The tables and bibliography appear at the end of your text. There is no need to cite an electronic source for such a publication. Then give the title of the article within single quotation marks, and the publication information as follows: year of publication (in square brackets if it identifies the volume, in round brackets if there is a separate volume number). Retrieved 27 February 2023, You remember that in all those pages of research, you forgot to reference the sources you used. Please see the 4th edition of OSCOLA for comprehensive details on how to cite other secondary sources such as: We hope youve found our complete guide to OSCOLA referencing useful. There are also a number of other specific rules. Example: Topping S, Beck D and Wilson P, Analysing Law (Routledge, London 2008). OSCOLA Journal Article Reference Generator Create an OSCOLA Journal Article Reference Reference either an on-line or printed Journal Article Select a different Source Type See examples Share this: * Required Fields 1. Use a short version of the title if the full title is longer than three words. List Legislation and Cases separately in alphabetical order in the bibliography. (2022, May 05). If only available on the web, reference as follows: In the bibliography, list in Secondary Sources. Digitalisation and Intermediaries in the Music Industry: The Rise of the Entrepreneur? SCRIPTed uses the Oxford comma, e.g. use the following format for the footnote: Information to include: Note thatSCRIPTed does not charge authors any fees to submit, process, or publish a manuscript. JAG Griffith, The Common Law and the Political Constitution (2001) 117 LQR 42, 64. Article to art.; articles to arts., Paragraph to para.; paragraphs to paras., Schedule to sch.; schedules to schs., Regulation to reg.; regulations to regs., Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (hereinafter GDPR), Mireille Hildebrandt, Law as an Affordance: The Devil is in the Vanishing Point(s) (2017) 4(1), Langdon Winner, Do Artifacts Have Politics?(1980). Herberg J, Injunctive Relief for Wrongful Termination of Employment (DPhil thesis, University of Oxford 1989), UNICEF Country programme document: China (10 August 2015) E/ICEF/2015/P/L.22, UNHCR Assistance to refugees, returnees and displaced persons in Africa. Knowing how to cite sources for assignments is a hugely important skill. More than 3 authors For sources with multiple authors. You write HC Bill or HL Bill depending upon which house it is, and bill numbers for Commons bills appear in square brackets. The abbreviation preceding a command paper number depends on the year of publication: 183369 (C (1stseries)) 187099 (C (2nd series)) 190018 (Cd) 191956 (Cmd) 195786 (Cmnd) 1986 (Cm). Cases are written in a similar format here and in the main text; the only difference is the names of the parties involved are not italicised in the table of cases: The table of legislation includes all legal sources used other than cases for example, bills, Acts of Parliament and SIs. Formultiple referenceswithin one footnote use semi-colons to distinguish between them and put them in chronological order with the oldest first. Paul Craig, Theory, "Pure Theory" and Values in Public Law [2005] PL 440. For example, here you would list Hansard, any books and journal articles cited, and other sources such as blogs, social media and newspapers. To indicate that words have been omitted from a quote, please use ellipses () without any spaces around them,e.g. You can search by abbreviation to find the title, or by title to find the abbreviation. You should cite all publications with an ISBN as if they were books, whether you read them online or in hard copy. More than one author If there are up to three authors, cite all the authors: Author 1, Author 2 and Author 3. e.g. For example: Christian von Bar, The Common European Law of Torts, vol 2 (CH Beck 2000), para 76. Where there is no title, use the name of the case in italics instead, and add (note) at the end of the citation: See3.3.2 OSCOLA 4th ed. Seeing as the content of working papers are subject to change, make sure you put the date of access. OSCOLA stands for the Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities. OSCOLA is a footnote referencing style. Do not use punctuation when using an abbreviation. OSCOLA is an acronym which stands for the Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities. The Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) is a referencing style used by students and academics in law. Journal articles Start with the article author (first name/initial then surname, multiple authors to be treated as per books), then the article title in single quotes. Dual-band photodetectors (DBPDs) have played an essential role in multispectral information monitoring, including civil and military areas. 1) and appears after any punctuation like a comma or full stop: These footnotes contain full information on the source cited. ); and (5) success of synthesis between areas for those submissions purporting to be interdisciplinary. If the information is available in print, reference the print version. References to Recitals in EU legislation to retain the full word Recital, e.g. Author names in the bibliography are inverted, and initials are used in place of the first name: If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the Cite this Scribbr article button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator. More than 3 authors For sources with multiple authors. HC Deb 5 February 2020, vol 671, col 300. For more details see3.4.3 OSCOLA 4th ed. If you wish to refer to someone speaking during the programme, follow this format: Cite the name of the speaker (if a direct quote), the title of the programme, the radio station and the date of the programme. OSCOLA does not purport to be comprehensive, but gives rules and examples for . If pinpointing specific paragraphs, place these in square brackets. In subsequent citations, briefly identify the source, and give the footnote number where the full citation can be found. In footnotes write the first author's name followed by "and others". British Medical Journal podcast, 'Insanity in the Dock' (20 July 2012) comments by MatthewThompson, Centre for Evidence Based Medicine in Oxford accessed 15 April 2014. Needless to say, the add No further changes will be allowed to the text absent compelling justification. use cannot, not cant; do not, not dont, etc). Paragraphs following headings are not indented, but continuing paragraphs are. Square brackets [ ] are used when theyear is crucial to identify the relevant volume of the journal(e.g. If the case is not yet reported it should be cited with a reference to the relevant notice in the Official Journal: EC Commission v Ireland, Case C-134/89, [1989] OJ L145/1. when other citations appear in between), use the authors last name or the title (shortened if its a longer title), followed by the number of the previous citation (in brackets and preceded by n), then the page number youre pinpointing (if different than the first citation): OSCOLA provides formats for a variety of source types. *You can also browse our support articles here >. A case name should be given as it appears in the most authoritative report of the case. do not write See n. 12.). Author, Article Title [Year] or (Year) Volume number Journal name Page number. In the footnote, the authors name should be provided exactly as it appears in the publication, omitting postnominals such as QC: (Note: sometimes only first name initials are provided on the publication so your footnote will reflect this e.g. Bill title HC Bill (Session) [Bill number]. University of California, Berkeley (ages 15-18), the name of the journal, in full or abbreviated form, with no full stops. The number is displayed in superscript (i.e. The author must change any references in these formats into the SCRIPTed house style, and use footnotes accordingly. the name of the journal in roman, in full or abbreviated form, with no full stops; and. A Quick Guide to OSCOLA Referencing | Rules & Examples. Example: Samuel Topping and others, Analysing Law (Routledge, London 2008). For example: Protocol to the Agreement on the Member States that do not fully apply to the Schengen acquis Join Declarations [2007] OJ Li129/35. Where there is no relevant advice elsewhere in OSCOLA, follow the general principles for secondary sources when citing websites and blogs. Book. Statues are divided into parts, sections, subsections, paragraphs and subparagraphs. For two or three authors, all named authors must be included. There is no specific guidance on this within OSCOLA. For example, the following is a citation of volume 3, page 75 of Blackstones Commentaries on the Laws of England: OSCOLA provides a list of these abbreviations in their full guide, section 4.2.3. from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/referencing/oscola/. GDPR, Recital 25. authordate -- Author/date style citation styles beebe -- A collection of bibliographies besjournals -- Bibliographies suitable for British Ecological Society journals bestpapers -- A BibTeX package to produce lists of authors' best papers bib2gls -- Command line application to convert .bib files to glossaries-extra.sty resource files For more detailed information see OSCOLA 1.2. No comma should appear between the word Act and the year. PCMLP University of Oxford, An introduction to Legal Citation Using OSCOLA accessed 04 November 2015, https://subjectguides.york.ac.uk/referencing-style-guides, A House of Lords judge should be referred to as, A Supreme Court judge should be referred to as, The Lord Chief Justice can be abbreviated to. For articles with multiple authors, use the first name and surname for up to three authors, separated by an (Oxford) comma and and (e.g. Polyphenols: food sources, properties and applications - a review. Introduction to OSCOLA referencing style The Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) was developed at Oxford University, and is widely used by law schools and publishers to acknowledge source information. If citation advice is provided by the online journal, follow it, removing full stops as necessary to comply with OSCOLA. If you are referring to a particular Act a number of times in the same place, you can provide an abbreviated form of the title in the footnotes, as long as you let your reader know in advance. After the title, give the publication information in the following order: 'Theory, "Pure Theory" and Values in Public Law' [2005] PL 440, 'In Defense of Due Deference' (2009) 72 MLR 554. an article/pdf/ebook is available anywhere in print format, you should cite it as you would a printed piece of work (even if you have read it online). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Oxford Royale Academy is a part of Oxford Programs Limited, a company registered in England as company number 6045196, registered office at 264 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 7DY. Attempts to accommodate all internationally recognised character sets will be made where feasible. The Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) was developed at Oxford University, andis widely used by law schools and publishers to acknowledge source information. For example, this footnote refers to two cases: If one or more references are more relevant than the others put these first and then see also. Only do this if paragraph numbers are explicitly used in the text. OSCOLA referencing, sometimes referred to as Oxford referencing, is a style of referencing primarily used in UK academic content related to the law. Stevens (n 1) 110. Anderson W and Weatherburn P, 'Treatment Information Needs of People Living with HIV' (Research report Nam Publications 1996).

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